Post-WWII Jewish Migration

Approximately six million European Jews were killed in the Holocaust during World War II. Many of the European Jews who survived the persecution and death camps had nowhere to go after V-E Day, May 8, 1945. Not only had Europe been practically destroyed, but many survivors did not want to return to their pre-war homes in Poland or Germany. Jews became Displaced Persons (also known as DPs) and spent time in helter-skelter camps, some of which were located at former concentration camps. As the Allies were taking Europe back from Germany in 1944-1945, the Allied armies liberated the Nazi concentration camps. These camps, which housed from a few dozen to thousands of survivors, were complete surprises for most of the liberating armies. The armies were overwhelmed by the misery, by the victims who were so thin and near-death. A dramatic example of what the soldiers found upon liberation of the camps occurred at Dachau where a train load of 50 boxcars of prisoners sat on the railroad for days as the Germans were escaping. There were about 100 people in each boxcar and, of the 5,000 prisoners, about 3,000 were already dead upon the arrival of the army. Thousands of survivors still died in the days and weeks following liberation and the military buried the dead in individual and mass graves. Generally, the Allied armies rounded up concentration camp victims and forced them to remain in the confines of the camp under armed guard. Medical personnel were brought into the camps to care for the victims and food supplies were provided but conditions in the camps were dismal. When available, nearby SS living quarters were used as hospitals. Survivors had no method of contacting relatives as they were not allowed to send or receive mail. The survivors were forced to sleep in their bunkers, wear their camp uniforms, and were not allowed to leave the barbed-wire camps, all while the German population outside of the camps were able to try to return to normal life. The military reasoned that the Holocaust survivors (now essentially their prisoners) could not roam the countryside for fear that they would attack civilians. By June, word of poor treatment of Holocaust survivors reached Washington, D.C. President Harry S. Truman, anxious to appease concerns, sent Earl G. Harrison, the dean of the University of Pennsylvania Law School, to Europe to investigate the ramshackle DP camps. Harrison was shocked by the conditions he found, As things stand now, we appear to be treating the Jews as the Nazis treated them, except that we do not exterminate them. They are in concentration camps, in large numbers under our military guard instead of SS troops. One is led to wonder whether the German people, seeing this, are not supposing that we are following or at least condoning Nazi policy. (Proudfoot, 325) Harrison strongly recommended to President Truman that 100,000 Jews, the approximate number of DPs in Europe at the time, be allowed to enter Palestine. As the United Kingdom controlled Palestine, Truman contacted the British Prime Minister Clement Atlee with the recommendation but Britain demurred, fearing repercussions (especially problems with oil) from Arab nations if Jews were allowed into the Middle East. Britain convened a joint United States-United Kingdom committee, the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, to investigate the status of DPs. Their report, issued in April 1946, concurred with the Harrison report and recommended that 100,000 Jews be allowed into Palestine. Atlee ignored the recommendation and proclaimed that 1,500 Jews would be allowed to migrate to Palestine each month. This quota of 18,000 a year continued until the British rule in Palestine ended in 1948. Following the Harrison report, President Truman called for major changes to the treatment of Jews in the DP camps. Jews who were DPs were originally accorded status based on their country of origin and did not have separate status as Jews. General Dwight D. Eisenhower complied with Trumans request and began to implement changes in the camps, making them more humanitarian. Jews became a separate group in the camps so Jews no longer had to live with Allied prisoners who, in some cases, had served as operatives or even guards in the concentration camps. DP camps were established throughout Europe and those in Italy served as congregation points for those attempting to flee to Palestine. Trouble in Eastern Europe in 1946 more than doubled the number of displaced persons. At the beginning of the war, about 150,000 Polish Jews escaped to the Soviet Union. In 1946 these Jews began being repatriated to Poland. There were reasons enough for Jews not to want to remain in Poland but one incident in particular convinced them to emigrate. On July 4, 1946 there was a pogrom against the Jews of Kielce and 41 people were killed and 60 were seriously injured. By the winter of 1946/1947, there were about a quarter of a million DPs in Europe. Truman conceded to loosen immigration laws in the United States and brought thousands of DPs into America. The priority immigrants were orphaned children. Over the course of 1946 to 1950, over 100,000 Jews migrated to the United States. Overwhelmed by international pressures and opinions, Britain placed the matter of Palestine into the hands of the United Nations in February 1947. In the fall of 1947, the General Assembly voted to partition Palestine and create two independent states, one Jewish and the other Arab. Fighting immediately broke out between Jews and Arabs in Palestine but even with the U.N.s decision, Britain still kept firm control of Palestinian immigration as long as they could. Britains complicated process for regulation of displaced Jewish immigration to Palestinian was plagued with problems. Jews were moved to Italy, a trip which they often did on foot. From Italy, ships and crew were rented for the passage across the Mediterranean to Palestine. Some of the ships made it past a British naval blockade of Palestine, but most did not. The passengers of captured ships were forced to disembark in Cyprus, where the British operated DP camps. The British government began sending DPs directly to camps on Cyprus in August 1946. DPs shipped to Cyprus were then able to apply for legal immigration to Palestine. The British Royal Army ran the camps on the island. Armed patrols guarded the perimeters to prevent escape. Fifty-two thousand Jews were interned and 2,200 babies were born on the island of Cyprus between 1946 and 1949. Approximately 80 percent of the internees were between the ages of 13 and 35. Jewish organization was strong in Cyprus and education and job training was internally provided. Leaders on Cyprus often became initial government officials in the new state of Israel. One shipload of refugees heightened concern for DPs throughout the world. The Jewish survivors had formed an organization called Brichah (flight) for the purpose of smuggling immigrants (Aliya Bet, illegal immigration) to Palestine and the organization moved 4,500 refugees from DP camps in Germany to a port near Marseilles, France in July 1947 where they boarded Exodus. The Exodus departed France but was being watched by the British navy. Even before it entered the territorial waters of Palestine, destroyers forced the boat to the port at Haifa. The Jews resisted and the British killed three and wounded more with machine guns and tear gas. The British ultimately forced the passengers to disembark and they were placed on British vessels, not for deportation to Cyprus, as was the usual policy, but to France. The British wanted to pressure the French to take responsibility for the 4,500. The Exodus sat in the French port for a month as the French refused to force the refugees to disemba rk but they did offer asylum to those who wished to voluntarily leave. Not one of them did. In an attempt to force the Jews off the ship, the British announced that the Jews would be taken back to Germany. Still, no one disembarked as they wanted to go to Israel and Israel alone. When the ship arrived in Hamburg, Germany in September 1947, soldiers dragged each passenger off of the ship in front of reporters and camera operators. Truman and the much of the world watched and knew that a Jewish state needed to be established. On May 14, 1948 the British government left Palestine and the State of Israel was proclaimed the same day. The United States was the first country to recognize the new State. Legal immigration began in earnest, even though the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, did not approve the Law of Return, (which allows any Jew to migrate to Israel and become a citizen) until July 1950. Immigration to Israel increased rapidly despite war against hostile Arab neighbors. On May 15, 1948, the first day of Israeli statehood, 1,700 immigrants arrived. There was an average of 13,500 immigrants each month from May through December of 1948, far exceeding the prior legal migration approved by the British of 1,500 per month. Ultimately, the survivors of the Holocaust were able to emigrate to Israel, the United States, or a host of other countries. The State of Israel accepted as many that were willing to come and Israel worked with the arriving DPs to teach them job skills, provide employment, and to help the immigrants help build the wealthy and technologically advanced country that it is today.

Importance Of The Eighth Amendment - 1115 Words

The eighth amendment helps people stay safe, for those who are going to jury. The eighth amendment was ratified in 1791 and stated that, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines are imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This was made to help make sure that more amounts of bail money/property are not given to by excessive amounts, and that cruel or unusual punishments are not prohibited to any person going into court. Bail is where a certain amount of money is required to leave jail and is another way to ensure that you will go to a trial. Patrick henry and Holmes were people who pointed out that americans should have the right to not be torched. This amendment came into place due to the horrible†¦show more content†¦Yet there are ways to find the right amount by looking into the severity of the offence, their social ties or even the financial stability of the accused. Overall the eighth amendment helps prevent abuse of power an d goes against cruel punishments The eighth amendment helps letting americans not have to go through unusual and cruel punishments. â€Å"It is not just criminal sentences themselves that are subject to the cruel and unusual test; the Eighth Amendment’s cruel and unusual provision has been used to challenge prison conditions such as extremely unsanitary cells, overcrowding, insufficient medical care and deliberate failure by officials to protect inmates from one another,† (â€Å"Eighth Amendment,† Annenberg Classroom). This site explains and breaks down the eighth amendment. It becomes apparent that this amendment helps protect the people from usual and cruel punishments. There are specific examples to a cruel and unusual punishments. â€Å"Cruel and unusual punishment includes torture, deliberately degrading punishment, or punishment that is too severe for the crime committed,† (Dictionary.com). This is a basic understanding for how we can make sure to s tay away from these types of punishments. One of the biggest oppositions or conflicts with the eighth amendment there is is the death penalty. The question that comes from it is whether or not the death penalty can be considered a cruel and unusual punishment. â€Å"EighthShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom Of Speech By The Bill Of Rights977 Words   |  4 Pagesreading the chapter, The Law, I learned more about the amendments and what the ones mainly pertaining to criminal justice actually meant. The First, Fourth, Fifth,Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendment all provide a foundation for our criminal justice system. There are also many particular protections in The Bill of Rights. The First Amendment has many different clauses that make it up and I would say that it is the most important out of the Amendments in regards to the criminal justice system. FirstRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1690 Words   |  7 Pagesnationalization of Fourteenth Amendment, so citizens of the U.S. are ascertained to have protection from states as well as central government. Due to this process, many legal cases have been solved in the most tenable and effective way such as Near v Minnesota, Robinson v. California, Mapp v. Ohio, and McDonald v. Chicago. Selective incorporation has helped the case of Near v. Minnesota out of false persecution of the state law by using the First Amendment. The First Amendment, freedom of speech, wasRead MoreBill of Rights Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages Brant gives a summary of how these amendments proposed by James Madison, would be added quickly to the Constitution: The first ten amendments were added to the Constitution of the United States in a period of uneasy calm. The Americans who were most apprehensive over that untried document, because its guarantees of liberty did not go far enough, included a great many who wanted to cut down its grants of legislative and executive power. But the amendments were drafted and submitted to the nationRead MoreEssay on Research Proposal: Capital Punishment1282 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the crime rates for each state based on the criminals charged with murder because only criminals facing charges of murder can be sentenced to death row based on the eighth amendment. An Impassioned Debate: An overview of the death penalty in America depicts the facts about the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is the prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments (Masci 1). There are two significant cases that have inflamed the debate over the capital punishment, The Baze v. Reese caseRead MoreThe Execution Of A Burglary At Micke s Home1078 Words   |  5 Pagesjury did not consider any relevant factors regarding the offender and their conclusion was not accurate. In addition, Furman’s lawyers also claimed that uncontrolled jury discretion violated Furman’s Eighth Amendment right not to be subject to cruel and unusual punishment and his Fourteenth Amendment right to due process. On June 19th 1972, the U.S. Supreme court reversed a death sentence for the first time in history, showing Furman’s challenge to be successful. In the Furman decision, the courtRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1684 Words   |  7 PagesRights are nationalized to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, so citizens of the U.S. are ascertained to have protection from state government as well as central government infringements. Due to this process, many cases of interpretation of the laws have been reserved and established precedent cases in such as Near v Minnesota, Robinson v. California, Mapp v. Ohio, and McDonald v. Chicago. In Near v. Minnesota the First Amendment, freedom of speech, was nationalized in 1925 after â€Å"the URead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Only Good Enough Punishment1065 Words   |  5 Pagespunishment refers to the death penalty. It is constitutional and does not violate the Eight Amendment which prohibits the federal government from imposing cruel and unusual punishments, including torture. The Supreme Court was firm on its stand that any method of execution definitely will inflict some pain and states with capital punishment have already adopted more humane methods to carry out executions. The Fifth Amendment provides that no persons shall be held to answer for a capital crime, unless on aRead MoreThe Importance Of Government Transparency And Accountability1628 Words   |  7 Pagesto the discussion of the rights to the accused, it is important to note the importance of government transparency and accountability throughout this paper. Under the fourth amendment there are three provisions that needs to be discussed. Two of these provisions: No improper searches and seizures, and Evidence obtained by illegal search not admissible during trial. In 1990, the Supreme Court summarized the Fourth Amendment brilliantly and succinctly: â€Å" A search compromises the individual interestRead MoreDred Scott v. Sandford, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas843 Words   |  4 Pagesever been and or are US Citizens. Furthermore, the court ruled that Congress could not stop the spread of slavery to the newly emerging states. They went so far as to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional; claiming it violated the 15th Amendment by denying property with out due process. This declaration stripped African Americans of their rights and stated that according to the United States Supreme Court, they were to be considered as livestock and to be treated as such. In doing soRead MoreNotes On Flowers And Justice Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Fourteenth Amendment â€Å"and â€Å"Double Jeopardy Clause† under â€Å"the Fifth Amendment†. As Flowers addressed racism, other African Americans in the jury began to question their original standing, he also further argued his ability to his constitutional rights (Legal Information Institute n.pag.). Throughout the trails, Flowers was found guilty and each time he applied for an appeal- hence the duration of the trails. Death sentences and convictions were obtained because of the violation of the sixth, eighth, and

Towards New Countries Purpose Of Growth †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Towards New Countries Purpose Of Growth? Answer: Introduction Australia is the largest consumer of natural foods and dry fruits as various foods producing companies use these materials to manufacture the breakfast as dry fruits are commonly included in cereals. Select harvest is the big manufacturer of the dry fruits and other related product and it is situated in Australia. While evaluating their market, including European countries, they have expanded their business in various parts of the globe and now the organization is planning to move towards new countries for the purpose of growth. Austria has been chosen in across the globe by reviewing the demand of the nuts and its related products there. Hence, a certain analysis will be done under this report in order to gain the knowledge in relevance with the market condition of Austria. The International marketing plan will include various sections from the purpose of expansion in the Austrian country Summaries from Assignment 2 According to the part one of the assignment, it was observed that Select Harvest is the biggest manufacturer of dry fruits across the globe and while conducting the market research, it was analysed that Austria is the largest consumer of dry fruits and related products. Hence, Select Harvest selected the Austrian market for the purpose of business expansion. Prior Austria was used to import the same products from US market. Rather importing goods, Austrian economy was capable enough in fulfilling their demands but after the Second World War, a condition of their economy gets adverse. And due to this, they started importing dry fruits and other goods from the international markets. While selecting the particular country for the purpose of expansion, various countries such as European countries, Turkey, Germany, and other countries are the major exporters of nuts in Austria. Due to drought conditions in the United States, they failed to fulfil the demand of the Austrian people. Hence, this could be the great advantage for Select Harvest of Australia in terms of setting up their market presence in Austria (Akaka, Vargo Lusch, 2013). Screening of market selection For this, Select Harvest has conducted the strategies such as market research, situational analysis, etc. In order to attain the market position in the new market conditions, an organization will perform following steps: Stages of market selection Global marketing objectives: Under this stage, appropriate organizational objectives are examined in terms of the expansion. According to the targets, objectives, and goals described by management, with the help of adequate set of strategies, perfect market will be chosen for Select Harvest. In this scenario, market is already selected in the previous assignment hence; available factors in the Austrian market will be determined in order to develop their policies according to present market factors (Andersson Xiao, 2016). Factors of market selection: For the purpose of market selection, certain important factors such as environmental; political, legal, tax systems, etc. need to be analysed in order to meet the standards set up by the host country and to avoid any kind of glitch in the trading activities (Ang, Benischke Doh, 2015). Initial Screening: Under this, marketing team of the Select Harvest needs to perform the activity in which all the irrelevant markets will be disqualified. For performing this function, certain quality measures and standards are built up by the management of the Select Harvest in order to choose the most appropriate and adequate market for the purpose of expansion and growth. That market which will not be able to meet the criteria developed by the organization will be disqualified from the process of market selection (Angeloska-Dichovska Mirchevska, 2017). Shortlisting of market: Amongst the selected markets after performing the screening method, most adequate markets will be selected. According to this scenario, consumption of nuts and its related products will be the major source through which organization will be able to analyse an adequate market for the purpose of expansion of business in the international market (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Assessment and Selection: Under this step of market selection, the market will be chosen which will fulfil all requirements; standards, benchmarks, etc. built up for the purpose of expansion in the international market (Atzori, Iera Morabito, 2014). Reason to choose country Select Harvest is involved in the manufacturing and distribution of nuts across the Australia and other parts of the globe. To increase the profitability of the organization, certain analysis was performed in order to determine the most suitable market to expand the business of the organization in order to enhance their profitability. Hence, while reviewing the various parts of the globe, Austria was selected on the basis of highest consumption of nuts and its related products as well as its market conditions were meeting all the policies built up by the management of the organization (Bond Saggi, 2014). Objectives Select Harvest has adopted the policy of SMART objectives in order to meet the goals of the organization. The current goal of the organization is expanding in Austria in order to enhance their profitability and the presence in the international market. Following are the SMART objective developed by Sleet Harvest: S: The objectives developed for the purpose of expansion of the business in international market, objectives should be set up on the basis of organizations capability (Burton Cross, 2015). M: The objectives set up by the organization needs to be measurable enough so that, value could be analysed from those objectives. For instance, growth of 20% in the total revenues was expected by the effect of expansion in Austrian market for Select Harvest hence; objectives set up by the management needs to be capable enough to acquire the percentage of growth expected (Cavusgil, et. al., 2014). A: Objectives should meet the proficiency of the organizations members which will help them to attain targets easily. R: Objectives are set up on the assumptions hence; the assumption should be made on the basis of realistic market conditions (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). T: This aspect of setting up objectives for the organization requires that those should be achievable within the adequate time frame and adequate time should also be allocated for attaining certain objectives. Alternative market entry This is the method through which organisation could select the alternative market entry strategy apart from an adequate way to enter into the particular market. This option is set up with an assumption of failure of option one and in those conditions that alternative option could be adopted in order to avoid the disturbance in the activities of the organization (Demangeot, Broderick Craig, 2015). Target market selection and positioning Following are the entry mode options available with Select Harvest in order to enter into Austrian market for expansion purpose: Licensing: This is the most appropriate market entry mode in terms of exposing the business in the international market. This mode helps the organization to enter into the particular market legally. Under this market entry mode, documentation part is necessary and along with the documentation, Select Harvest needs to submit all the details including their initial capital investment, number of employees exported from their country, etc. to the authorised body of Austria in order to maintain the transparency as well as to remove the disturbance in the trading activities (Eteokleous, Leonidou Katsikeas, 2016). Direct Exporting: Under this mode of entry, Select Harvest can send their products as per the demand or the order in Austria. For this, they need to contract with a mediator or the firm involved in the same business as of Select Harvest. Franchising: This mode of entry requires adequate goodwill in the international market. This is trending entry mode in the international market. Mostly adopted by food chain industries and in this process, franchisees need to pay certain amount of money in the form of fees, royalty, etc. against the permit given by franchiser to use their trademarks, copyrights, etc. (Greckhamer Gur, 2015). Market selection process As Austria has been selected amongst the various countries of globe for the purpose of expansion and to enhance the profitability of the organization, strategies such as SMART objectives and another set of marketing techniques need to be adopted for the purpose of expansion in the Austrian market. Alternative market entry modes For the purpose of taking entry in the Austrian market, the most suitable option will be licensing because it provides the organization official license to enter the market and for performing the trading activities. In certain situations such as Austrian government does not provide the permit to the organization to enter into their market. Hence, in such cases, organization needs to be ready with an alternative option and that alternative option will be direct exporting. This market entry option will require contacts in the host country in order to analyse the demand of the nuts and its related products and then as per the demand of the products produced by Select Harvest in the host country, exporting procedure will be conducted (Choi Yeniyurt, 2015). Positioning Strategy Under this step, Select harvest needs to adopt those strategies through which organization will be able to establish its market position. Apart from this, organization needs to adopt some effective promotional as well advertisement strategies in order to develop an efficient image in the Austrian market. There are certain approaches, through which organization will be able to set up its position in the new market conditions i.e. using products characteristics, price-quality approach, applications approach, product-user approach, product-class approach, cultural symbol approach and competitive approach (D. Banker, Mashruwala Tripathy, 2014). Amongst these approaches, Select Harvest can use price-quality, products characteristics approach and the competitive approach in their operations to set up their effective and efficient image in Austria. Alternative generic strategies Focus, cost leadership and the differentiation are three approaches of generic strategies and these were invented by Michael Porter in 1985 with a view to gain some competitive advantage. Focus: According to this approach of generic strategy, organization needs to focus on the characteristics of the product to gain the competitive advantage. In other words, organization needs to analyse its competitor products' specialties and as per that, more enhanced product should be manufactured in order to increase the demand for the products (Fletcher Crawford, 2013). Differentiation: Providing something more or unique from the competitors helps the organization to gain competitive advantage. Adopting this approach, organization could provide some attractive offers and additional benefits on the same price will help the organization to gain competitive advantage. Cost leadership: According to Tanwar (2013), Select Harvest needs to reduce its manufacturing cost by adopting advanced techniques. There are two options available in this technique for increasing the sales and demand of the product by reducing the selling price by cutting their cost of the product or by reducing their profit margins. Adopting both these techniques will help the organization to gain competitive advantage in Austria. Entry mode As per the scenario of Select Harvest Company of Australia, it is recommended that they should enter into the Austrian market through official entry procedure i.e. licensing. From the perception of keeping the alternative market entry strategy, direct exporting has been recommended. Target Market Through reviewing the political conditions and the other relevant factors including micro and macro environmental factors of Austria, it has been recommended that this country is economically strong, safe and free from political risk factors. Rather suffering from recession, economic conditions of Austria are not affected and being a member of European Union is the biggest advantage in terms of expanding their business. Positioning Strategy After reviewing the conditions of Austrian market, it is suggested to Select Harvest that using products specifications and the price-quality approach of positioning strategy will be most adequate and result oriented in terms of setting up effective position in the Austrian market. Generic Strategy Austria is a well-developed nation and their economic conditions are going in positive way except recession conditions. Hence, recommendations for Select Harvest in terms of expanding their business in Austrian market will be done through adopting cost leadership and focus approach should be adopted in order to gain the competitive advantage. Conclusion In the limelight of aforesaid report, international marketing plan has been designed for Select Harvest for the purpose of expansion of their business Austria which is a member of European Union. They are involved in the prediction of nuts and its related products whereas Austria is the country with huge demand for nuts. Nuts and its related products are used in Austria for making cereals and breakfasts. In order to enhance the profitability of the organization through expanding in international markets, organization has adopted some effective marketing strategies. Additionally, entry modes were discussed in order to enter into Austrian markets, recommendations were also provided to the Select Harvest in terms of adaptation of the strategies for the purpose of expansion of the business in international market. References Akaka, M. A., Vargo, S. L., Lusch, R. F. (2013). The complexity of context: A service ecosystems approach for international marketing.Journal of Marketing Research,21(4), 1-20. Andersson, M., Xiao, J. (2016). Acquisitions of start-ups by incumbent businesses: A market selection process of high-quality entrants?.Research Policy,45(1), 272-290. Ang, S. H., Benischke, M. H., Doh, J. P. (2015). The interactions of institutions on foreign market entry mode.Strategic Management Journal,36(10), 1536-1553. Angeloska-Dichovska, M., Mirchevska, T. P. (2017). Challenges of the Company in the New Economy and Development of E-business Strategy.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT,22(2), 27-35. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Atzori, L., Iera, A., Morabito, G. (2014). From" smart objects" to" social objects": The next evolutionary step of the internet of things.IEEE Communications Magazine,52(1), 97-105. Bond, E. W., Saggi, K. (2014). Compulsory licensing, price controls, and access to patented foreign products.Journal of Development Economics,109, 217-228. Burton, F., Cross, A. R. (2015). A reappraisal of franchising across national boundaries in foreign market entry mode analysis. InProceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 638-642). Springer, Cham. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Choi, J., Yeniyurt, S. (2015). Contingency distance factors and international research and development (RD), marketing, and manufacturing alliance formations.International Business Review,24(6), 1061-1071. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Banker, R., Mashruwala, R., Tripathy, A. (2014). Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy?.Management Decision,52(5), 872-896. Demangeot, C., Broderick, A. J., Craig, C. S. (2015). Multicultural marketplaces: new territory for international marketing and consumer research.International Marketing Review,32(2), 118-140. Eteokleous, P. P., Leonidou, L. C., Katsikeas, C. S. (2016). Corporate social responsibility in international marketing: review, assessment, and future research.International Marketing Review,33(4), 580-624. Fletcher, R., Crawford, H. (2013).International marketing: an Asia-Pacific perspective. Pearson Higher Education AU. Greckhamer, T., Gur, F. A. (2015). A Set Theoretic Study of Generic Strategies and Firm Performance Differences. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 15849). Academy of Management. Tanwar, R., 2013, Porters Generic Competitive Strategies, Journal of Business and Management, vol. 15 (1), pp. 11-17.

The Basketball Subculture free essay sample

In this analysis I will cover the different aspects of sport subculture and what it means to be a recognizable member within a group. Will give examples of what it means to be a part of such subcultures. For example, shared ways of dressing, group status and credibility, as well as some of the groups norms and rituals. The specific group I will discuss will be my basketball team and the role I play within it. Because my team is at highly competitive level, our norms may be unlike to other teams especially those of less competitive teams. Each and every team has their own culture and practices, and it is wrought these that they identify themselves as being different from other teams along with giving them an identity and a group to belong. Discussion The team I play for is the Douglas College mens basketball team and it would be classified as a subculture within the basketball culture since it is a recognizable team within the sport. We will write a custom essay sample on The Basketball Subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The traits by which my team is identified by are: our name, mascot, team colors, jerseys, level and league in which we play.In a sense there is also an athlete culture at Douglas College. It is possible to identify athletes at the school given evident identifiable heartsickness. Examples of this could include: the Douglas College athletic gear, general athletic wear, as well as the fact that athletes tend to hang out in bigger groups than other students. Much like the windsurfers in Wheatstone article Just Do It, people within the basketball subculture can be easily identified by their style of dress. Brands are an important aspect in basketball subculture and to be recognized as a respected member of the sport subculture the right equipment is critical. This relates closely to the basketball subculture especially on my team because the newest trends in shoes and equipment play a big role on our team. Many players will have multiple pairs of shoes that they II wear within a single season, and with new shoes you always need the matching socks. The most common of these would be Nikkei Elites. New shoes are always one of if not the biggest topic on my team.It is commonly know that in basketball players only wear the brands such as Nikkei, Jordan, and Ideas. Then within these big three brands there are Kabobs, Lebanons, and Tyrants which are all under Nikkei, and D-Rose which is under Ideas. These of course are all big name professional basketball players who UT out their own shoes under the brand they are sponsored by. Other than shoes basketball players also follow those brands for casual and practice wear such as hoodoos, t-shirts, socks, sweats or track pants, and athletic shorts.However, as mentioned in Wheatstone article Just Do It, you could be labeled as a poser if you dont have the credibility of being a part of that subculture. One of the biggest tell tale signs that can distinguish between players and posers is whether or not they only wear their basketball shoes on the court. In this situation posers can be identified when wearing basketball retain shoes outside or casually. Credibility on the court comes a lot with age and experience. In order to gain credibility one either needs to be very skilled or play at an elite level. At the college level everyone is pretty knowledgeable of each other within their league. Even within my own team there is status and credibility, it generally is dependent on seniority and skill level. The older returning players or vets as they are called, will have a higher status and credibility than a first year or rook. My role within the team would definitely be a principal role. Even though am currently out for the rest of he season due to injury I am a constant presence whenever I am in the gym and the rookies constantly seek advise from me.Even though I am unable to play I show up for practice and training early every day in order to set an example for the rest of the team. I also always have something to say in our team meetings. In general, the better you are on the team, the more other players look up to you. As Wheaton described in her article, if they are a good sailor, they are treated with respect (p. 259). This closely relates to my team as I have a large amount of respect for my fellow teammates who are ere skilled. Some of our team norms would be our pre-practices meetings.The team meets outside the gym a twenty minutes before practice starts. During games We will always high-five each other either going onto or coming off the court to show support. Whenever someone is subbed off the court everyone on the bench will stand up and all give them a high-five as a way of encouragement and support for doing their best on the court. If a teammate is taking a free-throw then remaining four players on the court at the time will give the player a high-five after the shot, whether it was made or not to show hat no matter what the outcome we are a team.A common ritual of our team before the start of the game is to get into a circle and have a pre-game talk about what we want to get out of the game as well as some words of encouragement. After each game we will meet in the change room and talk about the good and the bad of the game and what we as a team believe we need to improve on in order to become more successful. Specific drills in practice also have common rituals specific to our team, for example, in specific drills was the last one to complete it so that I can finish it with a dunk n order to try and produce some energy out of the t eam for the next drill.Conclusion A teams culture is what makes them identifiable as a sport subculture. My teams culture refers to the way we dress, the shoes we wear, our team norms, and rituals. Many people dont understand our choices such as, early morning beach workouts, strenuous hill training, and the long tiring practices. It seems crazy to many, but to those who are within our subculture understand why we do those things.