History of Oldtown

1. 2 Brief clarification of the company’s history The OldTown White Coffee, OTWC (Chinese: ) is the largestâ kopitiamâ restaurantâ chain in Malaysia. Its principle central station is in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Set up in 1999, the fellow benefactors and Executive Director, Mr. Goh Ching Mun and Mr. Tan Say Yap are the fuse of White Cafe and give quality white espresso to Malaysian family units and the food administrations industry. It makes moment refreshment blends and items, notwithstanding working more than 180 bistro outlets all through Malaysia and the region.With over 10 years of involvement with the espresso drink industry, both of prime supporters were instrumental in the development of the Oldtown Group of organizations. Next, Mr. Lee Siew Heng, Group of Managing Director who assumed a noteworthy job in actualizing the general vision, technique and advancement of the Oldtown Group is the one of help them to joining Oldtown Group. In 1999, they effectiv ely to market the moment 3-in-1 espresso blend under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name for the retail sector.By end of 2009 October, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† 3-in-1 moment espresso blend was sold in around 1,348 retail outlets across the nation in Malaysia, roughly 550 retail outlets in Singapore and around 2,100 retail outlet in Hong Kong. In 2000, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand of 3-in-1 moment espresso blend is the main fare to Singapore. In 2001, White Cafe showcasing initiated tasks as the promoting arm for the Group’s refreshment items. During that year, the product offering is extended and incorporates various varieties of the moment espresso mix.In expansion, moment espresso blend has additionally extended fare to Hong Kong markets. In year 2002, White Cafe got a HALAL affirmation from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the Group’s drinks. This is the piece of OLDTOWN Group’s goals, which is to create the refreshments as per the Islamic l aw. Around the same time, OLDTOWN Group’s have effectively extended to across the nation retail dispersion of 3-in-1 moment espresso blend to cover East and West Malaysia through significant hypermarkets and supermarkets.In 2003, OLDTOWN Group’s have additionally effectively popularized the new mix of 3-in-1 moment milk tea for the retail advertise under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name. Taking into account growing OLDTOWN producing exercises, OLDTOWN Group’s fused Gongga Food in 2003 and initiated activities in 2004 assembling broiled espresso powder for the street administrations part utilizing the Group’s restrictive bean simmering process. OLDTOWN Group’s likewise conveyed the broiled espresso powder to conventional coffeehouses in Ipoh and different states in Malaysia.In expansion to the food administrations division, cooked espresso powder is additionally advertised to the retail area under the â€Å"NANYANG† brand. In 2004, it lik ewise further entered the fare markets for 3-in-1 moment espresso to cover the United States, Canada and United Kingdom and in this manner in 2005, Taiwan and Indonesia. In 2005, OLDTOWN Group’s extended vertically into the food administrations division by opening a chain of bistro outlets dependent on the conventional Ipoh coffeehouse setting and atmosphere under the â€Å"OLTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand name.This is a piece of the Group’s procedure of underwriting and fortifying on the â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand in the food administrations industry. Around the same time, Kopitiam Asian Pacific started activities in the permitting, flexibly of food, refreshments and other thing, and arrangement of the executives administrations to â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlet. Since the opening of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlet in Ipoh in 2005, the chain of bistro outlets have extended to arrive at 137 bistro outlets in M alaysia and Singapore as at 31 October 2009. This included completely and incompletely claimed, and diversified bistro outlets.In 2005 and 2006, OLDTOWN Group’s has set up the auxiliaries to be specific as Old Town Kopitiam, Old Town Kopitam Butterworth, Old Town Kopitiam Kuala Lumpur, Old Town Kopitiam Cheras, Conneczone to concentrate on working bistro outlets in various zones and states inside Malaysia. To help the bistro outlet business tasks, their built up the accompanying auxiliaries as focal food handling focuses between year 2005 and 2007:  ·Ã‚       Emperor’s Kitchen started activities in 2005;  ·Ã‚       Esquire Chef initiated activities in 2007;        Dynasty Confectionery started tasks in 2007. In 2005, Gongga Food’s business exercises additionally extended to take into account the obtainment of food things for â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlets. Around the same time, Gongga Food likewise got a HALAL accreditation from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the creation of its simmered espresso powder. Moreover, OLDTOWN Group’s has acquired a HACCP accreditation from BM TRADE Certification Ltd for the preparing and assembling of drink roducts. In 2006, the organization additionally extended the item fare to Japan and China markets. Around the same time, the organization joined Dynasty Kitchen as a dissemination community, which started tasks in 2007. During this year, group’s organization additionally joined Oldtown Berhad, which will concentrate on venture holding and arrangement of the board administrations as per its posting on the Main Market of Bursa Securities. In this way the OLDTOWN Group’s likewise began trading to Thailand and Philippines.In perspective on group’s organization intends to extend more bistro outlet business activity to Singapore, OLDTOWN organization additionally fused Oldtown Singapore in 2007 to give the boar d administrations, flexibly of food and drink things to bistro outlets in Singapore. OTK Singapore started tasks in 2008 with the dispatch of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlet in Singapore. In 2008, the organization of Dynasty Confectionery and Esquire Chef acquired HALAL affirmations from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the handling of different foods.On other food-preparing auxiliary, Emperor’s Kitchen got HALAL confirmation from the IFRC ASIA. To additionally certify, OLDTOWN Group’s adherence to worldwide sanitation standard and White Cafe accomplished ISO 22000:2005 affirmation and ISO 9001:2000 from BM TRADA Certification in 2008 notwithstanding GMP accreditation by the Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia around the same time. Inside 2008, OLDTOWN Group’s has extended the product offerings to remember 3-for 1 moment espresso blend in with stick sugar.In 2009, Gongga Food acquired a HACCP confirmat ion from BM TRADA Certification Ltd for the creation of cooked espresso powder. OldTown White Coffee presently sends out its moment drink blends to in excess of 10 nations worldwide and plans to grow its bistro outlet organize in the locale. The gathering has a broad chain of bistros in Malaysia by means of 194 outlets as of end Nov 2011, and furthermore works a couple of outlets that are open day in and day out in specific territories. This count incorporates completely and incompletely possessed outlets, establishment outlets and authorized outlets.

Aristotle Essays -- essays research papers

Aristotle      In our quick paced innovatively propelled society today, our administrations have advanced into as far as anyone knows very much oiled machines viably overseeing financial plans, prisons, militaries, just as numerous different projects. Lamentably, a significant number of these legislatures are not too sorted out, as they could be. Vote based nations like France, Germany, and even the United States have some intense weaknesses to the manner in which their legislatures are overseen. These issues happen, ordinarily at an essential level, as opposed to at the minor subtleties. One issue that is steady with numerous nations is the upkeep of legislative projects over huge geological regions. Commonly geographic or social contrasts inside nations are what cause these issues. The antiquated Greek savant Aristotle had basic, yet clever approaches to manage issues, decisively like these. Aristotle tackled this issue, for instance, by separating the nation into both geographic a nd social areas. At that point he would have littler governments for every one of these areas. These divisions were like states or areas in some cutting edge nations today. Aristotle’s thoughts, by and large, on legislative governmental issues were progressive in Athens, when he kept in touch with them and some could even effectsly affect governments today. Present day governments, for example, Germany, France, and the United States could all utilization Aristotle’s thoughts to make their own legislatures run considerably more effectively. Aristotle even had plans to limit debasement, a major issue in many governments today (legislative issues 1286a). On the off chance that cutting edge vote based nations put together their political methods of reasoning more with respect to Aristotle’s hypotheses, they could run smoother and make a superior showing of supporting the individuals, which is the thing that popular governments were made for in any case.  â â â The polis is an association of residents in an arrangement of government that serves to accomplish the benefit of everyone. It isn't only a spot where individuals live together for resistance against foes and for the trading of products. It is Or maybe an association between family units, groups, and towns for a completely created and independent life. The polis gives the individuals who have astuteness and good mind an opportunity to climb to high positions Equity is the political acceptable in the polis, and it must advance the basic enthusiasm of the individuals. What is seen to be acceptable must be distrib... ...ld have authority as opposed to the individuals who are best fit to administer, and gatherings very few. In spite of the fact that everybody in the polis may not be a political researcher, they can work better along with peers. With every individual having characteristics of greatness and knowledge, they join to shape a solitary substance.      The genuine distinction among majority rule government and theocracy is between destitution what's more, riches. Government happens when rulers owe their influence to riches whether or not they are the dominant part. Oppression can be depicted as the most noticeably terrible of two potential shades of malice. It is outrageous government in its doubt of the majority and outrageous majority rule government in its antagonistic vibe toward the noteables (Page 211). Aristotle says the best structure is one dependent on merit. A blend among theocracy and majority rule government is sacred government.      Although individuals can concede to what equity is, they regularly neglect to reach it since they can not prevent from seeking after their own objectives and wants. A decent government can direct between what individuals believe is simply and what is best for the benefit of everyone. Aristotle's speculations are essentials of our current political framework and earned him the title The Father of Political Science.

6 Common Marriage Problems and Solutions

6 Common Marriage Problems and Solutions February 10, 2020 Richard Elliott/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationships offer wonderful benefits for wellbeing, life satisfaction, and stress management, but none are without their challenges. These issues can put a strain on a couple, but working through them can either strengthen their bond or push them apart, depending on how they handle the challenges they face. Working through marriage problems in a healthy way can be very difficult, especially because stressors in a marriage can come from many different sources. The following are some of the most common sources of marital stress and marriage problems. Money Problems The stress of fighting over money constitutes one of the most oft-cited marriage problems that couples face. Generally speaking, when couples engage in conflicts about money, their dispute is really symbolic of something differentâ€"power struggles, different values and needs, or other issues that surround money. However, in tough economic times, financial stress can actually cause more general stress, more conflict over things unrelated to money, and well as money-centered arguments as well. (For example, when one partner is extremely stressed about money, they may be less patient and more stressed in general; they may then pick fights with the other partner about unrelated things without even realizing it!) Issues with Children The advent of children brings another potential source of marriage problems. Children are wonderful, and can bring wonderful and meaningful gifts into our lives. However, having children can bring additional stress into a marriage because the caretaking of children requires more responsibility as well as a change in roles, provides more fodder for disagreement and strain, and reduces the amount of time available to bond as a couple. This combination can test even the strongest of bonds. Which Parents Are at the Greatest Risk of Stress and Depression? Daily Stress Daily stressors don’t need to equal marriage problems, but they can exacerbate problems that already exist. When one partner has had a stressful day, they may be more likely to be impatient when they get home, they may handle conflict less expertly, and may have less emotional energy to devote to nurturing their partner and their relationship. When both partners have had a difficult day, this of course is only exacerbated. As with financial stress, general daily stress can test patience and optimism, leaving couples with less to give to one another emotionally. Busy Schedules Marriage problems can result from overly busy schedules for a few reasons. First, couples who are very busy may find themselves generally stressed as well, especially if they’re not taking care of themselves with quality sleep and good nutrition. Additionally, they may find themselves less connected because they have less time to spend together  and more separateness in their lives. Finally, if they don’t work together as a team (even if their responsibilities are completely separate if they don’t coordinate to cover all responsibilities well), they may find themselves fighting over who’s taking care of which household and social responsibilities. Again, while busy schedules don’t automatically lead to marriage problems, they do present a challenge that needs to be worked through. How to Add Healthy Lifestyle Habits to Minimize Stress in Your Life Poor Communication Perhaps the biggest predictor of marriage problems is poor communication  or negative communication that belies damaging attitudes and dynamics within the relationship. Negative communication is so damaging, in fact, that researcher John Gottman and his team have been able to predict with a very high degree of certainty which newlywed couples would later divorce, based on watching their communication dynamics for a few minutes. Healthy communication is key; unhealthy communication can lead to major marriage problems. Communication Skills That Can Strengthen Any Relationship Bad Habits Sometimes couples experience marriage problems that could be solved if the two could notice their habits and change them. People dont always make a conscious decision to argue over petty things, nag and be critical, or leave messes for the other to clean, for example. They get busy or distracted, stress builds, and they go on autopilot. Then they find themselves following the same patterns they hadnt realized they were choosing in the first place. People just get into negative patterns of relating, fall into lazy personal habits, or get into a rut that they perpetuate out of habit. A Word From Verywell Fortunately, these marriage problems can be worked on. Even if only one partner is consciously trying to change, any change can bring a shift in the dynamic of the relationship, which can bring positive results. Maintaining a Happy Marriage

lusitanian-hispanic rivelry in Maritime Discoveries

This rivalry was vigorous in maritime navigation and Cartography. This rivalry was responsible for the dichotomy of (Lusitania) versus the rest of South America speaking Spanish (Hispanic). Both Lusitania (Portugal) Spain were under one crown. After they split up as 2 countries fuelling this rivalry, both countries claimed the whole of South America as colonial possession. Pope has to intervene to stop any Christian blood from spilling. He drew a N-S (vertical) line on the map of continent, giving the east half to Portugal and west half to Spain. So, Brazil became Portuguese and the rest Spanish. This rivalry was vigorous in maritime navigation and Cartography. This rivalry was responsible for the dichotomy of (Lusitania) versus the rest†¦show more content†¦So, Brazil became Portuguese and the rest Spanish. This rivalry was vigorous in maritime navigation and Cartography. This rivalry was responsible for the dichotomy of (Lusitania) versus the rest of South America speaking Spanish (Hispanic). Both Lusitania (Portugal) Spain were under one crown. After they split up as 2 countries fuelling this rivalry, both countries claimed the whole of South America as colonial possession. Pope has to intervene to stop any Christian blood from spilling. He drew a N-S (vertical) line on the map of continent, giving the east half to Portugal and west half to Spain. So, Brazil became Portuguese and the rest Spanish.This rivalry was vigorous in maritime navigation and Cartography. This rivalry was responsible for the dichotomy of (Lusitania) versus the rest of South America speaking Spanish (Hispanic). Both Lusitania (Portugal) Spain were under one crown. After they split up as 2 countries fuelling this rivalry, both countries claimed the whole of South America as colonial possession. Pope has to inter vene to stop any Christian blood from spilling. He drew a N-S (vertical) line on the map of continent, giving the east half to Portugal and west half to Spain. So, Brazil became Portuguese and the rest Spanish.This rivalry was vigorous in maritime navigation and Cartography. This rivalry was responsible for the dichotomy of (Lusitania) versus the rest of

Qualitative Data Definition and Examples

In statistics, qualitative data—sometimes referred to as categorical data—is data that can be arranged into categories based on physical traits, gender, colors or anything that does not have a number associated with it. The hair colors of players on a football team, the color of cars in a parking lot, the letter grades of students in a classroom, the types of coins in a jar, and the shape of candies in a variety pack are all examples of qualitative data so long as a particular number is not assigned to any of these descriptions. Qualitative data is contrasted with  quantitative data  wherein quantitative  data sets have numbers associated with them that evaluate the quantity of an object or objects with shared features. Oftentimes, quantitative data is used to analyze qualitative data sets. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data Its pretty easy to understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative data: the former doesnt include numbers in its definition of traits of an object or group of objects while the latter does. Still, it can get confusing when thinking in terms of statistical attributes, which include size and dimensions, which are quantitative and not qualitative data. In order to better understand these concepts, its best to observe examples of particular datasets and how they can be defined. Observe which are qualitative and which are quantitative data sets in the following examples: The cats have orange, brown, black, or white fur (qualitative).The boys have brown, black, blonde, and red hair (qualitative).There are four black cats and five orange cats (quantitative).The cake was 50 percent chocolate and 50 percent vanilla (quantitative). Even when a particular feature or attribute of an object is qualitative, such as chocolate for the cake or black for the cats, the inclusion of a number in the data set makes it a quantitative one, though this interplay is important for the study of statistics as it provides categories for which mathematicians  can then compare numerically. The Importance of Qualitative Data Whereas quantitative data is important in determining the particular frequency of traits or characteristics, the sizes, and dimensions of objects, and that sort of information about a given topic, qualitative data like the color of hair or skin of employees in a company or the healthiness of a pets coat can be important in statistical analysis, especially when paired with quantitative data about these qualitative features. Essentially, qualitative data is important because it allows statisticians to form parameters through which to observe larger sets of data. For instance, a company that wanted to determine the diversity of its workforce would want to look at a set of qualitative data like race and ethnicity of its employees as well as the quantitative data of the frequency of employees to belong to those races and ethnicities. Qualitative data provides the means for which observers can quantify the world around them—there are three blondes, two brunettes, and three black-haired women at the table or there are 16  freshmen and 15 sophomores attending the annual band trip.

Learning and Teaching Standard Grade Physical Education Free Essays

string(285) " with quantitative informations that could be fed back to the students during the plenary session at the terminal of the block, this information was utile as it provided information on the group scores and informed the students which group they thought provided the best presentation\." This assignment will look into the effectivity of collaborative group work during theory lessons in Standard Grade Physical Education ( SG PE ) by presenting and set uping a constructivist larning environment within my schoolroom. The assignment will place the methods used and the ensuing informations from this short survey and highlight hereafter development chances. Introduction Having ne’er officially been taught how to learn theory lessons for certification Physical Education I found myself following a standardized lesson format where the students faced the instructor, waiting for the transmittal of cognition ( Sotto 1994 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching Standard Grade Physical Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now I found my lessons followed a similar, basic construction in which I would: Set out my purposes and aims for the lesson, refer back to old work covered and identified my learning purposes. I would explicate the current subject and inquire for pupil treatment sing anterior cognition. I would supply an academic undertaking related to the subject. I would summarize what has been covered and how it will associate with the following lesson/series of lessons. The lessons were planned harmonizing to the section medium and long term programs to guarantee the content was covered at the designated clip graduated tables, something indispensable for Standard Grade Physical Education, peculiarly due to the obvious scrutiny force per unit areas. My perceptual experience of these lesson were that they were successful as they had fluctuation in footings of the degree of treatments taking topographic point and types of undertakings related to the content, coupled with the fact that my formal scrutiny consequences from learning this manner were really good, ( harmonizing to SQA statistics ) . However, I felt the demand to research different methods of learning to guarantee that as a professional, I was run intoing the acquisition demands of the students in my category and developing my ain instruction competences. I was doubting that the method of learning nowadays within my schoolroom at this clip was supplying a ambitious adequate context for the students in my category, hence I was acute to look into other larning methodological analysiss. One method that interested me was the cultivation of a constructivist schoolroom. In this assignment I will detail the methodological analysis adopted to implement the rules of constructivism, supply account sing the necessary intercession that was required and highlight the students ‘ perceptual experience sing this new larning methodological analysis and what they felt the impact to their acquisition was. Data Collection In this survey it was necessary to utilize two chief types of informations aggregation. First, the usage of picture entering to capture group treatment, group job work outing undertakings and concluding presentations. The 2nd method of informations aggregation was in the signifier of written information via larning logs, rating signifiers specifically associating to the group presentations and concluding subject rating questionnaires. This written information was designed to place the students ‘ perceptual experience of the subject ; how it was planned, carried out and what the students felt were the chief strengths and failings of working this manner and critically place the impact on their acquisition. I felt that the informations aggregation methods were appropriate to the undertaking and provided relevant informations. However the deepness of information was the cardinal facet of the whether the chosen methods were effectual or non. For illustration, the larning logs were one facet of the written informations that provided the most dissatisfactory quality of information and one method that I may non utilize in the hereafter, the students did non lucubrate on the replies to the inquiries and did non supply me valid and utile information. The usage of picture recording was wholly new to me in a schoolroom scene and one time the students were used to working with a picture recording equipment it provided some first-class information and provided a true penetration into the group puting. The questionnaires provided me a valuable penetration into the students ‘ ideas and feelings about how successful this subject was and this method allowed me to measure the overall attack. As with any type of research, the method chosen will hold strengths and failings. I have summarised these below in tabular arraies 1 and 2: Strengths A ; Weaknesses of Video Camera Recordings Table 1 Strengths Failings Enables all state of affairss to be invariably reviewed. Beginning of jobs can be diagnosed. Behavioural forms of instructor and students can be seen. Forms of advancement over long periods can be clearly charted. Can be really conspicuous and distracting. If camera is directed by operator, it will merely enter that which he or she deems to be of importance ; operator acts as editor. ( Beginning: Hopkins 2002 ) The usage of picture recording allowed me to garner information straight associating to the group treatment ; it encapsulated the nature of the treatments and provided a footing from which the particular discourse could be analysed. This was improbably helpful when the existent quality of treatment was scrutinised. Strengths A ; Weaknesses of Questionnaires Table 2 Strengths Failings Easy to administrate ; quick to make full in Easy to follow up Provides direct comparing of groups and persons Provides feedback on: Attitudes Adequacy of resources Adequacy of instructor aid Preparation for following session Decisions at terminal of term. Datas are quantifiable Analysis is clip devouring Extensive readying to acquire clear and relevant inquiries Difficult to acquire inquiries that explore deepness Effectiveness depends really much on reading ability and comprehension of the kid Children may be fearful of replying honestly Children will seek to bring forth ‘right ‘ replies ( Beginning: Hopkins 2002 ) I felt that the terminal of topic rating questionnaire provided me with an penetration into the positions of the students and provided me with a footing to work from. The feedback from the students was utile as it gave me an apprehension of their perceptual experience of my schemes and provided me with way for future development. The consequences from the pupil rating signifiers ( both group and self rating ) provided me with quantitative informations that could be fed back to the students during the plenary session at the terminal of the block, this information was utile as it provided information on the group scores and informed the students which group they thought provided the best presentation. You read "Learning and Teaching Standard Grade Physical Education" in category "Essay examples" ( See appendix? ? for this information ) . Both methods of informations aggregation provided valid and utile information which was analysed and used to inform the participants ( and myself ) of the consequences of working this manner. There was qualitative informations produced in the signifier of the transcripts which were annotated and via the terminal of subject student rating questionnaires. They were scrutinised to place relevant information that could inform farther pattern. Quantitative information was produced by the students in the signifier of their appraisal of each others ‘ presentations and from their ain ego rating signifiers. This information was straightforward to analyze and as mentioned provided an built-in portion of the plenary session. Rationale Learning Theories Having gained about 10 old ages of learning experience I found myself in an unusual place where I was approximately to get down a new subject with my S3 SG PE category with no existent program to map out the advancement of the category ‘ acquisition and apprehension of their new subject. I felt aroused and terrified in equal steps of following a constructivist attack ; nevertheless I felt comforted by the sum of research I had undertaken in following this attack and felt confident of the benefits that the students would derive from larning this manner. To state I had no existent program in topographic point would non be purely true as in my head I had a mental image of how I would wish the way of larning to take but as will be seen subsequently in this survey this is the Southern Cross of the instructor releasing control of their schoolroom and inquiring the students to take charge of their ain acquisition as at times it will take you to some surprising topographic points. ( Cl arke, 2005 ) . One critical constituent of this impression was organizing my schoolroom to guarantee the students co-operated in a collaborative mode in little groups. Wood ( 1998 ) summarises Vygotsky ‘s position of acquisition as â€Å" co-operatively achieved success † and this is something that I as a practioner wanted to research farther. I felt the rule of co-operation was something that I did of course, nevertheless, after probe I realised that the co-operation I assumed was happening, was between the students and myself as category instructor and non the students with their equals. Vygotsky suggests that kids learn by direction from others and the acquisition procedure is strengthened if the undertaking is learnt in a co-operative mode. After scrutiny, I felt that for the benefit of my pattern I had to look into different methods of learning theory lessons in PE to guarantee that â€Å" existent acquisition † can take topographic point ( Sotto 1994 ) . Literature from Learning and Teaching Scotland ( LTS, 2009 ) environing Curriculum for Excellence ( aCfE. ) highlights the importance of using active and collaborative acquisition methods to heighten the larning experience based on rules of Assessment is For Learning ( AiFL ) . This provided me with the drift to critically analyze my attacks to learning. After reading Brooks and Brooks ‘ ( 1999 ) description of the constructivist schoolroom and besides the impact constructivist rules can hold on the effectual usage of formative appraisal ( Clarke, 2005 ) I wanted to look into the application of such rules and mensurate the impact this would do on my instruction. As Clarke ( 2005 ) high spots, some practioners avoid hazards due to being â€Å" embedded in old ways of learning † and I was determined non to go such a instructor, I planned to make this by consistently releasing control of the way of larning to the students. I wanted to look into the chance of the students taking charge of the way of their acquisition by passing over every bit much control to the category in a move towards making a constructivist larning environment. I organised the students in to groups of four, seeking to guarantee each group was every bit diverse as possible in footings of academic ability and friendly relationship groups. I wanted to guarantee that the members of the group would non be over familiar with each other as that may impede the quality of the work produced ( Azmitia A ; Hesser, 1993 ) . It was critical that the students understood and appreciated that there would be a alteration to their ‘normal ‘ lesson format and this afforded me the chance to supply an account of why I was following a constructivist manner and why I was seting them in charge. Bruner ( 1990 ) provides the undermentioned rules of constructivistic acquisition: Direction must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that make the student willing and able to larn ( preparedness ) . Direction must be structured so that it can be easy grasped by the student ( coiling administration ) . Direction should be designed to ease extrapolation and or make full in the spreads ( traveling beyond the information given ) . Advocates of a constructivistic attack suggest that instructors should foremost see the cognition and experiences of their students. The school course of study should so be built so that students can spread out and develop this cognition and experience by linking them to new acquisition. Whereas, candidates of the behavioral attack, on the other manus, advocate first make up one’s minding what cognition or accomplishments students should get and so developing course of study that will supply for their development. ( Huitt, 2009 ) . I was really witting of being true to the Bruner ‘s above rules as I wanted to guarantee I knew all the necessary and relevant information sing the students ‘ old experiences related to this subject. To make this I met with the Biology section. There are natural crossing overs between Biology and PE and this meeting allowed me the chance to size up the subject content in the S1-3 course of study and utilize this information to estimate a starting point for the first brainstorming undertaking. I wanted the students to show â€Å" preparedness † to larn ( Bruner, 1990 ) . Using a model developed by Dunn and Larson ( 1998 ) to explicate the procedure of implementing simple degree engineering course of study, Alesandrini and Larson ( 2002 ) specified 10 events that provide the foundation for a constructivistic attack to learning and larning. These 10 events were so categorised into five chief constituents of an effectual constructivistic lesson/ series of lessons: probe, innovation, execution, rating, and jubilation. This became the foundation of my attack to cultivating a constructivist larning environment and the specific attack will be detailed within the timeline subdivision of this ego survey. The first undertaking for the students was to come up with a subject rubric through a whole category verbal treatment ( they agreed upon â€Å" Body in Action † ) and became the focal point of this group work session, to my surprise this subject rubric was non excessively dissimilar from the class stuff in PE which asks students to look into The Human Body in Action, ( it became clear that this subject rubric was besides the same rubric the Biology section uses-possible happenstance? ) . The students were so given two undertakings ; one an person undertaking which was to finish a acquisition log ( See appendix? ? for further inside informations ) the 2nd undertaking was a group undertaking that involved the students brainstorming about the subject content around this new rubric. This session was filmed and the resulting discourse was transcribed and analysed. See appendix? ? for illustrations of pupil work from these insight Sessionss. From this analysis it became evident that the quality of the group treatment I had hoped the category would accomplish was manner below the expected criterion. This critical incident became the focal point of my first intercession as it challenged my thought by coercing me to look into the ground why the initial group work was of such a hapless criterion. To antagonize this I investigated comparings with the work undertaken by Mercer ( cited in Wegerif et al 1999 ) it became evident that the quality of treatment could be categorised as what Mercer describes as â€Å" disputational talk † . This type of talk is characterised by dissension and individualized determination devising. There were few efforts to pool resources, or to offer constructive unfavorable judgment or suggestions. Disputational talk besides has some characteristic discourse characteristics notably short exchanges dwelling of averments and counter-assertions ( Mercer, 1996 ) . This was demonstrated by the deficiency of verbal interaction of group 2 and the independent determination doing made by JW who interestingly was the member of the group keeping the pen, suggestions were seldom offered and when this occurred the suggestions made were met with neglect instead than enthusiasm to research the thoughts further ( See appendix? ? for the annotated trascipt ) . Therefore, it was necessary to place why this was go oning and how I could better the quality of group treatment. The precedence for me as a practioner was to seek and place methods whereby the group work undertaken started to come on towards â€Å" explorative talk † ( Mercer, 1996 ) . This highlights the implicit in rule that Gillies and Khan ( 2007 ) commentate on that students need to be explicitly taught how to work successfully in groups. Therefore before I could continue look intoing the cultivation of a constructivist schoolroom, I had to look into how to promote each group to work co-operatively. This was done by using the rules environing successful group work as studied by Gillies ( 2004 ) , these were: Actively listening to others ; Deciding struggles democratically ; Sharing thoughts Working with others to measure the group ‘s advancement. I set the category three distinct job work outing challenges in an effort to better their abilities to work together ; two in groups of eight and one in the original groups of four. I felt this attack was non merely relevant to this age group but related to the research undertaken by Gillies would give some really promising consequences. It was my purpose to guarantee that the nature of these job work outing undertakings forced the groups to interact in a constructive mode by supplying co-operatively achieved aims. All members of the group were every bit of import to the success of work outing the undertaking, therefore it was necessary that all positions were considered but more significantly valued. Decisions had to be made on a democratic footing which involved all members of the group working together to make the common end, this would merely be achieved by actively listening to each other and making understandings that all members were consulted upon, but more significantly agreed upon. It was at this point I assessed the impact of these Sessionss by analyzing the treatment of group two to place the degree of betterment made, this was critical to guarantee that the students were in a place to transport on with their undertaking work. From my analysis it was evident that there was now an betterment in the type of treatments the group were involved in ; sufficient plenty for me to be confident that the move towards utilizing constructivist rules with this category was traveling to be good for the students. ( See appendix? ? for annotated transcript ) . This meant that I could once more follow the constructivist principle with assurance. Timeline Probe Session 1 Class organised into groups. Explanation given to pupils to inform them that they were in charge of their acquisition for this block. Class treatment sing subject rubric. Session 2 Each group brainstorms and enter a list of words / footings they feel are associated with the subject rubric â€Å" Body in Action † . Session 3 Spider diagram / head map is produced by each group detailing what they feel are the relevant countries of probe. Session 4 Amalgamation of all four programs by B Sloan to place 4 subject countries. Intervention Session 1 Due to the hapless quality of treatment taking topographic point, it was necessary to work on the groups abilities to co-operate and work in a collaborative mode. Intervention Session 2 Invention and Initial Implementation Session 5 Group set a mini undertaking to set up if any betterment had been made in footings of collaborative group work. Sufficient betterment made and each group selects project focal point. Session 6 Group probe work at library. Session 7 Group probe work at library utilizing computing machines. Further Implementation and Evaluation Session 8 1st bill of exchange of presentations, polish and initial rating. Celebration Session 9 Concluding presentations by each group. Session 10 Plenary session and proclamation of winning presentation. Discussion As stated antecedently Alesandrini and Larson ( 2002 ) specified 10 events that I have used as the foundation for my attack to constructivistic acquisition. These were: Probe Contextualising: As category instructor I explained the procedure to the whole category, so worked with students in little groups to assist them link their old experiences to the undertaking at manus. Clarifying: I asked the students to discourse the undertaking among themselves in their groups of four and as instructor I facilitated the students as they strived to find what they needed to cognize in order to finish the undertaking. Asking: During this phase the students begin the procedure of geting the necessary cognition and accomplishments they needed to finish the undertaking ; as category instructor I tried to ease this procedure by inquiring inquiries and assisting students place and understand believable resources. Invention and Initial Implementation Planning: Students in each group begin to organize their cognition and develop some initial programs as to how to near the undertaking. Gaining: Students develop a first bill of exchange or get downing merchandise that will run into the stated standards for the undertaking. Each little group will develop an original attack and no two will look precisely likewise. Further Implementation and Evaluation Testing: The students check their undertaking against the standards to see if it meets the specifications. It is expected that the first effort will necessitate some or several alterations. Modifying: Students rework their undertaking in footings of lacks they may hold identified. They so retest and modify until they have a finished undertaking that meets the declared standards. Interpretation: Pupils describe the value of the undertaking relation to their backgrounds and experience ; they portion this with their ain group. Reflecting: Students broaden their ratings of the undertaking and set it in larger context. Celebration Celebration: Students present their undertakings to the larger group while the larger group acknowledges the value of the attempt and consequences of the group and assesses the public presentation of each group in 3 classs. Having now completed the subject, I asked the category to finish a questionnaire to estimate their response to this new attack ( appendix? ? ) . 11 out of 16 students noticed that the subject was different to the old 1. They noticed that: â€Å" more clip in schoolroom making group work † â€Å" we worked in groups more and Mr Sloan did less speaking! † â€Å" we had to make a presentation † â€Å" our presentations were filmed and we used the smartboards † â€Å" Body in Action was the first subject we have done that we really spoke about, the first 1 was done through practical work † â€Å" It was much more groupy and chatty every bit good as synergistic † â€Å" we spent a batch of clip in the schoolroom alternatively of making it outside † â€Å" we planned it as a category † When asked about what they enjoyed about the subject, they responded: â€Å" I enjoyed happening facts about the organic structure, I did n’t cognize there were so many articulations. I besides liked the job work outing undertakings † â€Å" Bing able to larn a batch of things about the organic structure we did n’t cognize † â€Å" Planning for our presentations and utilizing the computing machines to look into the bosom. I like watching the groups making their presentations † â€Å" Research for the presentations † â€Å" It was merriment! † â€Å" the subject was interesting † The students were besides given the chance to state what they did non bask about the subject. Very few responded: â€Å" sometimes my group mucked about and were lazy † â€Å" Being bossed about † â€Å" presentation was chilling † When asked about what they felt they learned from this subject they said: â€Å" A batch about the organic structure and how it works † â€Å" how the human skeleton is put together † â€Å" how the organic structure works during athletics and PE † â€Å" tonss about the bosom and lungs † When asked which subject was best for their acquisition, 12 chose Body in Action. Although there were clearly some students who did non prosecute with this subject every bit to the full as others, the bulk of students enjoyed it and agreed that it was good to their acquisition. The two most common subjects running through the student responses is their grasp of the chance to lend to the planning of the subject and the fluctuation of activities – particularly during the research prior to making their presentations, it is interesting that they value their engagement in structuring their ain acquisition so extremely and bask research work. My ain appraisal of the subject was similar to the students. I was encouraged and inspired by the results of the attacks used throughout. By merely get downing the subject from a somewhat altered point of view, the full acquisition procedure altered. Alternatively of stating the category what we were traveling to make, I was inquiring the category what they wanted to larn. At each phase, I felt this altered point of view raised the motive of the category which led to an highly dynamic and energetic schoolroom which was focused on larning. This acquisition, was besides much more varied than in the yesteryear. Equally good as larning the necessary facts sing the human organic structure, the students were besides developing their accomplishments, runing from working in a group, to planning and showing information. This is really much in line with the aims of aCfE. Those recommending a constructivistic attack should ever see that there are a assortment of rules from larning theories that can be utilised within application of constructivism. For illustration, when working on a student ‘s larning it is surely appropriate to learn a particular accomplishment utilizing direct direction, observe the students practising the accomplishment, and supplying disciplinary feedback to guarantee command starts to happen. The major issue is whether to get down with a course of study that is taught step-by-step in an inductive mode as suggested by the behavior theoreticians or to get down with the student ‘s cognition and apprehensions and assist the kid fill in spreads necessary to work out a situation-specific job as suggested by the constructivists. Principles of larning from an information treating position such as recognizing the bounds of short-run memory, supplying many chances for students to place the connexion between anterior cognition to current acquisition, and recognizing the demand for separated pattern can besides be implemented within a constructivistic attack. Again, the major differentiation is in where to get down: with a predesigned course of study or with the student ‘s experiences and cognition base. This so begs the inquiry, what is the right attack? In my position the reply is both! If we start with the student ‘s cognition base before we have established coveted terminal ends, there is a inclination to hold the students merely â€Å" do advancement, † thereby restricting students who are non adequately prepared. These students may develop equal thought accomplishments, but can hold big spreads in their cognition and accomplishments. On the other manus, if weA focal point merely on coveted terminal ends, particularly knowledge ends, without consideration of the student ‘s acquired cognition and background, we run the hazard of developing cognition and accomplishments that have no significance to the scholar and are hence easy forgotten. Decision The purpose of this ego survey was to critically reflect on my instruction pattern in order to place progressive paths with which my abilities as a practioner are enhanced. I attempted to make this by look intoing the usage of collaborative group work during theory lessons in Standard Grade Physical Education through the debut and constitution of a constructivist larning environment within my schoolroom. I have adopted attacks that were different to my old pattern in a systematic manner, in order to dispute me as both a scholar and as a instructor. I have found myself trying to change over my schoolroom from an Orthodox ‘instructive ‘ one, to one based on the rules of constructivism within a collaborative group puting. The types of job work outing challenges I used acted as an debut into how group work can be developed but I am realistic plenty to understand that this should be an on-going procedure instead than a one-off speedy hole. These types of challenges will inform the students of the potency of group work but will non hold a durable consequence on future group work. For cardinal alterations to happen when these students work in groups there must be a alteration in the students ‘ mentality and this must be reinforced every lesson, therefore the success of this factor may be out with the parametric quantities or timescale of this survey. However, what encouraged me was that even after this short intercession I was pleased to describe that sufficient betterments had been made and the group work progressed to a point whereby the students produced some first-class presentations. This journey has non merely exposed the scholars to new methods of schoolroom working it has besides enabled me to travel out of my comfort zone and happen motive and challenge in following a new attack, something I have exhaustively enjoyed making. This journey has inspired me to keep the impulse gained by making this ego survey and place other countries of learning Physical Education that could profit from following this attack to acquisition. 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Shaving Cream free essay sample

The preparation which are used to soften the beard, lubricate the passage of razor over the face is called shaving preparation. The preparation is also used to relieve irritation a feeling of well- being. There are two types of Shaving Preparations. This are given in following flow chart. Shaving Cream Shaving cream is a substance applied to the skin to facilitate removal of hair. Shaving cream softens and moistens the skin and the hair, thus making shaving more comfortable and contributing to smoother skin. The advantages of using shaving cream, rather than soap, oil, or just water, are many. Shaving with a modern bar of soap approximates shaving with cream but doesnt provide all of the benefits: soap is only one element of many in a modern shaving preparation. SHAVING GEL Shaving gel is a lubricating product designed to be applied before shaving in order to soften the hair being shaved, along with moisturizing the skin and preventing the razor from dragging along the skin, potentially creating razor burn. It comes in tubs as well as cans, and is usually designed to foam into a thick, dense lather. Most companies which manufacture conventional shaving cream also make shaving gel, as many of the basic ingredients are the same, and some consumers prefer more options. As compared to shaving cream, shaving gel tends to be more efficient, because only a small amount is needed for each shave. This is because the consumer lathers the gel before or while he or she is applying it, rather than dispensing an already lathered product, as is the case with shaving cream. When dispensed in a can, shaving gel is kept under pressure so that it will dispense when needed. Shaving gel is also available in tubs into which the shaver can dip a hand or shaving brush. In most cases, shaving gel will foam when it is gently agitated in the hands or on the surface of the face. In other instances, shaving gel is intended to be applied in a thin lubricating layer which does not foam. Some specialized shaving gels function like this to provide more moisturizing properties, or to soften particularly thick hair. When shaving gel does not foam, it is usually lightly colored, so that the person shaving can clearly see which areas of the skin have been ubricated. Homemade shaving gel Ingredients required 1/2 cup liquid organic castile soap, 1/4 cup hot water, 1/2 tsp salt (preservative), 2 tablespoons vegetable glycerine, 2 tablespoons aloe vera gel or cucumber, 8 drops tea tree essential oil if necessary. Method: Firstly melt salt in water and mix all other ingredients together. You can store it in a pump bottle. Alcohols are used as an ingredient in some gels becau se it has antiseptic and therapeutic properties. However, this can be kept optional as it dries your skin and hence advised to use glycerin based gels. SHAVING OIL Shaving oil is usually a vegetable oil mixed with essential oils which can be used as a lubricant for shaving. Shaving oil is better for sensitive skin because there are fewer chemicals which can irritate the skin. Shaving oil can help moisturize the skin and does not clog pores like some creams and soaps can. While it is harder to know what you have and have not shaved with a shaving oil, they have the advantage of not hiding your beard and mustache so that you can safely shave around them. SHAVING SOAP The shaving cream that the barber uses with his shaving brush and straight razor is sometimes called shaving soap. Shaving soap most often comes in a large mouth can or in a hard bar. A badger shaving brush is used to swirl the soap into a lather creating a very smooth shaving cream. Because the shaving soaps contain glycerin they provide a closer shave with fewer nicks and cuts. Shaving soap provides such a close shave, it may require relearning how to shave so that you do not use much pressure on the razor. Background: According to Burma Shave chronicler Frank Rowsome, Jr. , modern shaving cream began with Burma Shave, which achieved high sales volume almost immediately after it was introduced. Prior to that time, lather was produced from a bar, and was basically another form of soap. Manufacturing soap itself is an ancient crafthe word comes from the Old English word sape. By the seventh century, Italian soapmakers were organized in a guild, and, in the next century, the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne recognized soapmakers as craftsman. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries soap was made at Savona, Italy. The modern French, Spanish and German words for soap (savon, jabon, and seife, respectively) are cognates of the name of that town. The early American settlers manufactured soap at home, using a method which called for mixing and heating animal fat with lye in a pot set over a fire, usually outdoors. This open kettle method of soap making was popular for years. Later adapted for large scale production, its use continued through the first half of the twentieth century. By the eighteenth century, soap makers realized that they could enhance their product by improving the quality of the fat and the purity of the lye they used. Castile soap, made in Spain and still available today, soon achieved eminence as a face soap because of its smoothness and quality. Castile soap originally used olive oil rather than animal fat, and the modern version uses other fats and oils in addition to olive oil. Although Americans continued to make their own soap at home for many years, they also began to manufacture soap commercially during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Because they utilized similar materials and methods, soap makers were frequently in partnership with candle and tallow makers. The first soap maker to render (purify by melting) fats at his own operation was William Colgate, who had learned his trade in the early 1800s in New York City. The company that today bears his name is a Major producer of soap and other cosmetic preparations. In the nineteenth century storekeepers purchased soap from manufacturers in large blocks, from which their customers in turn cut smaller chunks. Jesse Oakley of Newburgh, New York, became the first manufacturer to sell wrapped soap in a cake form that was a good size for home use. Soap was used for shaving through the early 1800s. In 1840, a concentrated soap that foamed was sold in tablets by Vroom and Fowler, whose Walnut Oil Military Shaving Soap was probably the first soap made especially for shaving. A century later, as the United States entered World War II, animal fats of relatively uncontrolled type and quality were still being used to make soap. To help supply American troops with soap, Most of us are familiar with shaving cream which comes in a can, but there are various other types of shaving creams which may be better for your skin and provide a closer shave. There are shaving creams for sensitive skin and creams which contain menthol and aloe to help soothe the skin after shaving. Characteristics of a Good Shaving Cream: ?It should be stable from 0 to 50 degree Celsius, so that it can be used across all seasons. It should be non-corrosive to skin. ?It should posses good wetting properties to allow easy movement of razor. ?It should be easily removable on rinsing. ?It should be smooth soft and entirely free from lump or grittiness. ?It must adhere readily to face and shaving brush. The ideal preparation for a shave must take in 3 things 1) First it must clean the skin remo ving any dirt, dead skin cells, oil or other debris that could be blocking the pores and may obstruct razor, any good face wash or cleanser will do this, also cleaning the face will lift and separate stubble. ) The second essential element is to warm the skin opening the pores relaxing the facial muscles, and slightly swelling the hairs. 3) This brings a person on to the last and most essential element to a shave prep, to soften the whiskers so razor can slice easily through the stubble. There are number of products that do this by penetrating the hair follicle and moisturizing it, another method is simply soaking the face with hot water. However the most highly recommended advice we can give is a hot shower, this can combines all the essential elements of good shave prep. CORE INREDIENTS OF SHAVING PREPARATION The core ingredients that define the shaving creams: Aqua: water Stearic acid: saturated fatty acid Myristic acid: saturated fatty acid Potassium hydroxide: inorganic base Sodium hydroxide: inorganic base Coconut acid: triglyceride Glycerin: polyol or sugar alcohol Triethanolamine: organic base Aqua: Water is a solvent that is used to dissolve certain ingredients in the shaving cream and serves as the matrix in which air is trapped when lather (foam) is formed. Water is also used as a spreading agent that distributes other ingredients evenly and gives shaving creams a soft texture. In the lather, water contributes to keep the hair moist during the shave and is responsible for the glide or slip of the lather. When water concentration in lather is not optimal, the performance of the lather is subpar. Stearic acid: Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid and a surfactant (literally, an amphiphilic,â€Å"surface acting†, chemical that lowers surface tension at the interface between molecules or groups of molecules that do not mix well) that has excellent emulsifying and lather stabilizing properties. It is also used as an emollient and thickening agent. Stearic acid is often used as inorganic or organic salt or as an ester. Myristic acid: Another saturated member of the fatty acid family and is also used in shaving creams for its surfactant and emulsifying properties. Myristic acid forms intermediate bubble sizes that result in faster foaming and reduced mechanical stability. Coconut acid: Coconut acid is a triglyceride extracted from the plant Cocos nucifera or coconut palm. It is commonly known as coconut oil. When saponified, coconut acid is used in shaving cream as a source of surfactants and cleansing agents.. Saponification of coconut oil produces a mixture rich in saturated fatty acids that include (listed in order of abundance): lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids and a small proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids can be completely removed from formulation and recently have been linked to comedogenesis (a type of acne caused by cosmetics). In high concentration, unsaturated fatty acids can oxidize over time and decrease shelf life. Glycerin is a by-product of the saponification reaction. Coconut acid also is used to adjust pH, and its derivatives are used as emollients. Sodium and Potassium hydroxides: These are strong inorganic bases that are used to saponify triglycerides. Inorganic bases are also used to make fatty acids more soluble in water. Typically, fatty acids are found in shaving creams as sodium and potassium salts. The ratio in which these bases are used determines the consistency of the shaving cream for a given water and fatty acid composition. These are highly alkaline and are used to adjust pH. Sodium hydroxide is also called caustic soda or lye. The common name for potassium hydroxide is potash. Glycerin: Glycerin, or more correctly, glycerol, belongs to the sugar alcohol family. Gycerol does not have surface activity and cannot form lather. Glycerol can retain water, thus increasing lather density and stability. For this reason, glycerol is also used as a humectant. Glycerol also increases the viscosity of water-glycerol solutions, affecting the glide of the lather. Although its effect on deeper layers of the skin remains under investigation, there is very little doubt that hydrated glycerin has a beneficial effect when applied to the outer-most layer of the skin (the stratum corneum). Triethanolamine: Triethanolamine or TEA is an organic base used primarily as emulsifier and surfactant. It is also used in shaving creams to neutralize the pH of fatty acids and to solubilize oils and other ingredients that have poor solubility in water. Triethanolamine use has been reduced in recent times because of growing safety and health concerns due to its suspected role as irritant and carcinogen and its ability to react with other chemicals to form carcinogenic nitrosamines. Some studies have linked TEA to contact dermatitis and allergies. TEA is currently under review in USA, UK and European countries. Triethanolamine can be completely removed from shaving cream formulations without any loss of performance STANDARD FORMULATION OF SHAVING CREAM On your shaving cream if you look at the list of ingredients which by law all manufacturers must print on their packaging you will see a lot of similarities between most of the brands with the same ingredients appearing again and again. It is possible to substitute some of the key shaving cream ingredients for other ingredients with similar properties, and varying manufacturing processes will produce a different qualitys in shaving cream and with different properties. However the primary ingredients are usually the same and the basic recipe and method of manufacture can be found in many industrial chemistry text books. A standard recipe will contain; 77% water you will find water listed as aqua as the 1st ingredient in most beauty and grooming products, shaving creams being no exception. % Stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid that occurs in many animal, vegetable fats and oils, most commonly taken from palm oil or coconut oil. 6% Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate, used as an emulsifiers to mix immiscible or unblendable substances. One of the easiest ingredients to substitute as there are many emulsifiers available to chemists. 5% lanolin, a kind of wax extracted from sheep’s wool, in shaving cream it acts as a lubricant and emulsifier holding water to your skin. In other industries it can used to prevent rust and when Gillette removed from their shaving creams they were ccused of doing it so their razors would rust faster and therefore need to be replaced more regularly. 3% Triethanalamine, often abbreviated as TEA, it is a surfactant or wetting agent lowering the surface tension of a liquid, one part of its molecule will be attracted to water while the other will be attracted to oils and grease. It is also used to balance the Ph value as a shaving cream must be neither overly acidic nor overly alkaline. 2% Glycerine, this will make the skin softer and more supple as it acts as a moisturiser, lubricator and humectant. Another common ingredient you might see is laureth 23 and lauryl sulphate, in shaving creams these can be used as a substitute for lanolin, glycerine and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, they act as a surfactant lower the surface tension of liquids and will also provide lather. They are also used regularly in shower gels and face washes for the same reason. Any variation in the ingredients proportions will affect the type and quality of the finished shaving product, also the perfume will which doesnt have to be listed on the ingredients, but is needed as without it a shaving cream will smell quite earthy and not in pleasant way. Also the emulsifiers used will affect the finished product. The method of manufacture will probably cause the greatest degree of variation, storage of the product when finished. Longer or shorter heating times, how quickly the product transferred to the tubes or tubs that it will be sold to the end user in will all have an effect. Shaving cream preparation formula 1: INGREDIENTSQUANTITY Stearic acid29. 5 Grams Lauric acid6 Grams Myrietic acid2 Grams Oleic acid0. 5 Gram 50% Potassium Hydorxide(KOH)1. 5 Gram Glycerol1. 5 Gram 70% Sorbitol2 Grams Lanolin1 Gram Triethenol amine2 Grams Methyl paraben0. 18 Gram Propyl paraben0. 02 Gram PerfumeIn Sufficient Quantity WaterQuantity Sufficient to Make 100 Grams Shaving Cream Formula 2: INGREDIENTSQUANTITY Stearic acid36. 5 Grams Coconut oil8. 5 Grams Potassium hydroxide8 Grams Sodium hydroxide1 Grams 70% Sorbitol3 Grams Mineral oil2 Grams Menthol0. 1 Gram Sodium suphite0. 1 Grams Methyl paraben0. 18 Grams Propyl paraben0. 02 Grams PerfumeIn sufficient quantity WaterSufficient to make 100 gms Natural Shaving Cream Preparation THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF InDustrial SHAVING CREAM The modern manufacture of shaving cream is a carefully controlled process. Although carried out on a large scale, its manufacture resembles a laboratory procedure involving only small quantities of ingredients. There are two main phases to the manufacturing process. In the first phase, the fatty or oily portions of the formula—stearic acid, lanolin, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate—are heated in a jacketed kettle to a temperature of approximately 179 to 188 degrees Fahrenheit (80 to 85 degrees Celsius). The jacketed kettle, which can hold as little as 300 gallons or as much as 10,000 gallons, resembles a double boiler: one container, placed inside another, is heated when steam is circulated through the outer container. Inside the interior kettle are blades that revolve to mix the oils as they are heated. After the first group of ingredients has turned smooth over a period of roughly 40 minutes, the steam is released from the outer container of the kettle, and the mixture is allowed to cool. The second phase of manufacture begins when the mixture has cooled to about 152 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Celsius). Most of the remaining ingredients—water, glycerin, and triethanolamine—are added now, and mixing continues for approximately 40 minutes. When the mixture reaches a temperature of 125 to 134 degrees Fahrenheit (50 to 55 degrees Celsius), perfumes or other scents can be added. Because perfumes consist primarily of highly volatile oils, they would evaporate if added when the blend was still warm. The formulas for perfumes, which can contain more than 200 different ingredients, come closer to being trade secrets than information about shaving cream itself (though textbook and handbook formulas for perfume are not hard to come by). In recognition of this, manufacturers do not have to disclose information about fragrances. The mixture, still being stirred, is allowed to cool further, until it reaches a temperature of 89 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius). Now a thickening white mass of highly viscous liquid, it is forced through a silk or stainless steel screen to eliminate any lumps that may have formed in the mixing process, and to catch the rare impurity or foreign object such as a small wood splinter. If this particular mixture is designated for tube packaging, it is now placed in a tube and fitted with a cap. After the bottom of the tube has been crimped, the product is ready for shipment and stocking on a store shelf. When the desired product is an aerosol spray, the shaving cream is poured into an open can. Next a valve and a cover are fitted onto the can and forced downward to form a seal. Propellant is then forced into the can through the valve. Most shaving preparations contain between four and five percent propellant; a larger amount would dry the shaving cream as it came out of the can, rendering it unusable. A small amount of material is intentionally released (purged) to relieve excess pressure, and the can is tested in water to make sure that the valve is holding tightly. The can is now ready to be shipped. QUALITY CONTROL Required qualities : †¢Well lubricant properties, skin protection against razor †¢Hydrating properties, softner †¢Well-tolerated, non-irritant †¢Pleasant odor †¢Easy application, easy to spread †¢Creaminess Todays soaps, shaving creams, and lotions are all manufactured under strict quality control, and regulated by various federal agencies including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Some states have their own regulatory agencies, though state agencies are more likely to focus on environmental concerns than product safety. Batches of shaving cream are examined and analyzed both at the manufacturing site and in the laboratory. Individual containers of shaving preparations are coded so that a manufacturer knows exactly which batch any given can or tube came from, and can identify its distribution history. A manufacturer of shaving cream needs to be certain that each batch meets quality standards. Among the things tested for are pH value (the acidity or alkalinity of the product), the height of the foam when sprayed, and its absorption rate (spray the foam on a piece of paper—how long does it take till the bottom of the paper shows moisture? ). Water quality must also be checked carefully. Most manufacturers make sure the water they use is pure by exposing the water to ultraviolet light or using distilled water. Having a microbiologist on site to test the water and the final product is common in the industry. In a typical aerosol can, the shaving cream ingredients occupy only a small portion of the can. The propellant or gas occupies 4 to 5 percent of the can; a larger amount would dry the shaving cream as it came out of the can, rendering it unusable. Label: The label should contain the following information: 1. Name of the product 2. Contents: Name and percentage of any active ingredient if added to preparation. 3. Net Weight: As present in the final container. 4. Manufacturing License Number as obtained by regulatory authority of your country. 5. Manufacturing Batch Number: As applicable 6. Manufacturing Date – Month and year of manufacturing. 7. Expiry Date – Month and year of expected expiry. . Maximum Retail Price- As applicable. 9. Place of Manufacturing- The plant where it is manufactured. Advantages of Shaving Cream: The main advantage of cream is that it retains and releases water well in comparison to soap. For a shaving cream you are looking for something smooth, fairly light and lipid based, that retains water well and has decent skin nutrition. Creams in my opinion, are the best. The ideal shaving cream will have a rich lather, be foamy rather than thick and creamy, and it will retain warmth and water throughout the shave. Homemade Shaving Soap Recipes Bar soaps, especially handcrafted ones, do work great, but I’ve discovered a few improvements along the way and wanted to pass them on to anyone who wants to go beyond plain soap. Foaming Shave Soap Recipe This is the shave soap use most often in the shower because it is easy, inexpensive and works great. Some men may find it harsh on the face due to the high liquid castille content. Ingredients: †¢1/4 cup Natural Aloe Vera Gel (not juice! ) †¢1/4 cup Liquid Castille Soap †¢1 TBSP Olive or Almond Oil †¢1/4 cup warm Distilled Water (or lavender infused) †¢Vitamin E or Grapefruit Seed Extract (to preserve) Essential Oils for Fragrance (optional) – I use lavender †¢8 ounce or larger Foaming Soap Bottle How To Make It: 1. Mix ingredients in foamer bottle and shake gently until mixed. 2. Shake well before each use. This recipe will last a couple of months , don’t recommend citrus oils if you are going to be in the sun, since they increase sun sensitivity. Shave Cream Recipe Don’t use this recipe as often, and more in the winter for extra moisturizing, but it makes a rich, creamy lather and works really well. This one is also better for men’s faces, as it is more gentle than the above recipe. Ingredients: †¢1/4 cup olive, almond or coconut oil 2-3 TBSP Shea or Cocoa Butter †¢1/4 cup Aloe Gel or Honey †¢1 TBSP Kaolin clay or white cosmetic clay (optional) †¢2 tsp baking soda †¢1/4 cup Liquid Castille Soap †¢Vitamin E or GSE (to preserve) To Make: 1. Melt the oil and shea/cocoa butter in a double boiler until just melted. 2. Remove from heat and add other ingredients 3. Whisk or blend well for several minutes 4. Transfer to jar or container to store 5. Check while it is cooling to make sure it doesn’t start to separate. If it does, shake or mix well to re-incorporate. 6. Lasts up to two months (not sure about longer) Natural Bar Shave Soap Recipe If you don’t happen to have all these extra ingredients on hand, this is any easy way to modify a regular bar soap to make it more shave-friendly. It is a little time consuming, but these bar soaps last a long time and are great for making shave mugs if the men in your life happen to use shave mugs and brushes. Ingredients: †¢1 bar of natural, handcrafted soap (store bought regular soaps don’t work! ) †¢1 TBSP olive or almond oil or aloe vera gel †¢1-2 TBSP white clay, french clay, kaolin, or cosmetic clay How to Make It: 1. Grate soap and on low heat, melt soap down with oil or aloe vera. It will take a while, so be patient and stir often 2. Once melted, stir in the cosmetic clay (this makes a richer lather and is great for the skin) 3. Pour into molds (I use cardboard) or old mugs and let set for several days until it re-hardens. Will last months and will cure more over time, making it longer lasting. Harmful Ingredients in Shaving Cream As far as mass market shaving creams go, theres a pretty standard recipe that youll find across the board. These shaving creams consist of about 80 percent water, and the rest of the ingredients do the jobs of lathering up on the face, binding the lathering ingredients to the water and propelling it out of the can. Unfortunately, many of these shaving creams feature more harmful ingredients than beneficial ones. Heres what to keep an eye out for. Propolene glycol is a humectant like glycerin, but unlike glycerin, its more frequently found in antifreeze and brake fluid. Triethanolamine, better known as TEA, is an emulsifying agent, meaning it helps keep the oil and water from separating. Its also a very controversial ingredient in the cosmetic industry because not only is it a skin irritant, but many formulas containing TEA are found to be contaminated with nitrosamines, which are linked to cancer. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulphate (SLES) are two more controversial skincare ingredients. These make a great lather, but they also have a number of health implications. Lauryl mimics estrogen, which is especially problematic for women, and laureth often hosts a known carcinogen called dioxane. On the moisture front, an oil that will frequently pop up in shaving creams is mineral oil. This is something you definitely dont want to put on your face. Mineral oil is a byproduct of petroleum. Yes, thats right gasoline. It sits on top of the skin, which locks in moisture, but it can also block your pores. Youre better off sticking with oils that are derived from nature, so look for plant-based oils. The world’s top 10 shaving creams In today’s market of endless possibilities, one can’t help but feel dizzy when having to choose a shaving cream. After all, when it comes to shaving, making a poor choice is more than a waste of one’s money, it also means a poor shaving experience, which as most shavers know could set the tone for the entire day. In order to ease the process of finding the most suitable shaving cream for your needs, I’ve created a list of what I consider to be the top 10 shaving creams available on the market today. Please let me know if you agree or disagree with my selection by posting a comment below. 1. Proraso Shaving Cream Tube The Proraso brand, which comes from the beautiful city of Florence in Italy, is a piece of Italian history which dates back over 100 years. It is considered to be the oldest industrial cosmetic product in Italy, and its unique recipe has been passed down from generation to generation. The Proraso Shaving Cream Tube contains key ingredients like eucalyptus, menthol and glycerine; Which in turn gives a refreshing, tingly sensation on the skin that lasts long after the shave is over. One of the most amazing things about the Proraso Shaving Cream Tube is that a small drop of shaving cream, about the size of a dime could be used up to lather one’s entire face. It comes in the form of a tube as a container, which is quite unique, and helps one squeeze out even the last drop. Both these facts enable one tube of Proraso Shaving Cream to last for approximately 4-5 months. The pricing of the Proraso Shaving Cream Tube, is quite surprising, as it is one of the most affordable Shaving Creams available today, with a price of only ? . 09 (150ml). This, combined with the fact that the Proraso Shaving Cream is considered one of the best shaving creams in the world (if not the best), almost gives me a sense of guilt whenever I purchase it. 2. Musgo Real Shaving Cream The Musgo Brand comes to us from an uncommon country in the field of shaving, the country of Portugal. Far from being a new player in the market, Musgo has been around since 1887. Musgo are considered unequ alled in terms of combining lanolin in their shaving products. Their successful combo of lanolin and glycerin creates a fantastic moisturizing effect which makes it possible to begin the shaving process quicker than almost any other shaving cream in the market without having to settle for the quality of the shave. Its wonderful fragrance is due to the fact that it contains Patchouli, a herb of the mint family which has been used for centuries in alternative medicine and in perfumes. It is also responsible for the enjoyable cooling down sensation during and after the shave. This, as well as the fact that it contains alcohol could be a downside for those with extremely sensitive skin. However, most individuals with sensitive skin who have tried the Musgo Shaving Cream reported no such issues. 3. Trufitt Hill 1805 Shaving Cream Bowl Like the Art of Shaving, the Trufitt Hill Shaving Cream is glycerin based (which locks and maintains the water and their moisturizing effect). But while the Art of Shaving is relatively a new player (having been founded in 1995), Trufitt Hill have long stood the test of time having been in operation since 1805, a time when they provided service to all the reigning monarchs of the Victorian Era. They have also recently received a Guiness book world record for being the oldest barber shop still in operation today. The scent of the 1805 Shaving Cream is considered by many to have the best fragrance of all the shaving creams offered today. This is due to the fact that it is infused with their famous 1805 cologne, which has a fantastic oceanic fragrance. The Trufitt Hill Shaving Cream is also known among shavers to give an unusually close shave, which is ultimately the goal of most shavers (knowing the products you’re using were also used by King George III is also nice). 4. Castle Forbes Lime Essential Oil Shaving Cream The Castle Forbes brand hails from the beautiful country of Scotland, and is named after the famous Forbes Castle built in 1815 by the 17th Lord Forbes, which is still being run and used today by his great-great-great grandson Malcolm Forbes. After deciding to help his wife’s passion for perfumery, Malcolm decided to turn the old dairy near the castle into a perfumery. With the help of their friend and perfumer Andy French, they soon thereafter began offering quality perfumes under the Castle Forbes Brand, as well as Shaving Creams, Aftershaves and Soaps . The box containing the Lime Essential Oil Shaving Cream has by far one of the most beautiful presentations of a shaving cream I’ve ever come across. The jar is pretty small in height, yet very wide which makes it extremely helpful when you load your brush with cream. Inside the jar you’ll find a very thick cream which has a terrific sweet scent of lime that is claimed by many to have the best fragrance out of all the lime scented shaving creams in the market. The Castle Forbes Lime Essential Oil Shaving Cream contains many ingredients including glycerin, lime essential oil and coconut acid. It also contains aloe vera to help sooth the skin, and ease the shaving process. 5. Geo. F. Trumper Extract of Limes Soft Shaving Cream It’s almost impossible to make a complete list of high quality shaving creams without mentioning the Geo. F. Trumper brand. Geo. F. Trumper has been in the industry for more than 135 years, and is considered by many to offer the best shaving creams in the world. The jar of the Trumper Extract of Limes Soft Shaving Cream comes inside a pink cardboard box which may sound a bit peculiar at first, as most lime scented shaving creams usually come in green colored packages. The pink color was actually chosen as a replacement for the original color during World War I due to a shortage of green color, and became its trademark ever since. Inside the jar there’s a nice, foamy light green shaving cream which has a fabulous mild fragrance that resembles citrus. The cream lathers very quickly and builds up to a rich and thick lather which provides great cushioning during the shave and also keeps the skin moisturized longer than most shaving creams. In addition to this magnificent lime scent Geo. F. Tumper offers six more scents: Almond, Coconut Oil, GFT, Rose, Sandalwood and Violet. . All Natural Speick Shaving Cream The Speick brand is named after the unique ingredient that is present in all their products, known as the Alpine Speick, or Alpine Valerian. An ingredient that can only be found in the high alps of South Austria. After the Speick is harvested, it is then transported to their factory located in Stuttgart Germany. The speick plant is the sour ce of the fantastic spicy, yet light fragrance present in all their products. It is also known to have a wonderful effect of calming the nervous system and rejuvenating the mind as well as the body. The All Natural Speick Shaving Cream is a perfect fit for those who suffer from sensitive skin, as it also contains bees wax which has an amazing natural moisturizing effect that gives one the freedom of not having to constantly relather as it stays on the skin even after several passes with the razor. The All Natural Speick Shaving Cream is an amazingly affordable product, with a price of ? 2. 48 for a tube containing 75ml, perfect for traveling and carrying during flights. The only noticeable downside of this product, and I’m nit picking here, is its poor packaging, as it arrives in a generic red box which does not market very well. It has also received the highest rating from the German consumer â€Å"Oko-Test Magazine† which focuses on authentic tests of natural based products. 7. Omega Shaving Cream The Omega Shaving Cream belongs to the Pennellificio Omega S. p. a. and is being manufactured for them by Proraso. Most shavers argue about the differences between the Proraso Shaving Cream and the Omega as they are strikingly similar. 1. The Omega Shaving Cream is considered more subtle than the Proraso, containing less Eucalyptus. It also contains Lanolin, which the Proraso does not. Lanolin is a unique ingredient which is made from the wax taken from sheep’s wool, and is done so without harming the sheep during the process. It is used medically in order to treat rashes and burns and has an incredible moisturizing effect as it binds the water from escaping the body as well as rejuvenates the skin cells. 2. The pricing of the Omega shaving jar is ? 4. 09 as opposed to the Proraso shaving jar which is 5. 69. Both are of course amazingly cheap considering they’re quite possibly the best shaving creams in the world. 8. The Gentlemens Refinery â€Å"The Standard† Shaving Cream The Gentlemens Refinery brand was founded by Perry Gastis, who has a rich history of working for both The Art of Shaving as a master barber, and an executive barber for Truefitt Hill in North America. Needless to say he has the credentials. Dissatisfied with the use of synthetic additives present in most men’s grooming products, Perry Gastis decided to develop his own line of products, with a focus on using the rarest and finest natural ingredients. The Gentlemens Refinery â€Å"The Standard† Shaving Cream arrives in an elegant black box with silver lettering, which gives it a lavish look. When opening the jar there’s a light â€Å"soapy† smell of coconut. The cream contains glycerin and coconut oil, French lavender oil, sandalwood oil, as well as the unique Ylang Ylang Oil. The Ylang Ylang Oil is a natural moisturizer commonly used in anti-aging treatments. â€Å"The Standard† Shaving Cream is also alcohol and paraben free, which allows it to be more forgiving on the skin. Overall, â€Å"The Standard† Shaving Cream performs quite well and creates an excellent lather lubricating your skin throughout and after the shave. However, I see no added value that could justify its price tag of ? 7. 5, which is nearly triple what the Proraso Shaving Cream Tube costs. 9. The Art of Shaving Shaving Cream – Unscented The Art of Shaving is currently one of the hottest names in the men’s grooming niche. They specialize in providing Aromatherapy based, alcohol free products. While they offer a variety of shaving creams with unique scents, the unscented shaving cream is definitely their best product. It is hypoallergenic which is perfect for men who have sensitive skin and suffer from razor burns, ingrown hairs or simply hate the smell of scented shaving creams in general. The thick formula contains key ingredients like glycerin (which locks the water and sustains their moisturizing effect), coconut oil and essential oils. It is perfect for handling a thick beard due to the thickness of the foam. A major downside for the Unscented Shaving Cream, as well as most of the products offered by The Art of Shaving is the high prices. The Unscented Shaving Cream costs around ? 18, and offers a poor value for the money as it does not surpass its more affordable competitors mentioned above. 10. Taylor of Old Bond Street Sandalwood Shaving Cream Located at the well known Jermyn Street in London, the Taylor of Old Bond Street is a veteran in the field of luxury grooming products for men, with an experience of well over 150 years. It is considered an alternative to the somewhat expensive Geo. F. Trumper brand, especially when it comes to their Sandalwood Shaving Creams. Some of the ingredients of The Taylor of Old Bond Street Sandalwood Shaving Cream include : Sandalwood, Cedar, Rosemary, Jasmine, Rose and Lavender. The latherability of the TOBS Sandalwood Shaving Cream is definitely up to par with the Geo. F. Trumper, some would even say it is slightly better, as it gives one of the most durable lathers of almost all the shaving creams offered today. There are two main reasons for the TOBS Sandalwood Shaving Cream to be ranked lower than the other shaving creams mentioned in this list. 1. The scent of the TOBS Sandalwood Shaving Cream is way too powerful and intrusive, and even if one enjoys the smell of sandalwood, this specific shaving cream tends to bring a somewhat artificial sandalwood scent. 2. The moisturizing effect of the TOBS after the shaving process does not have as much of a lasting experience as some of the other shaving creams in the list, and tends to leave the skin dry at times. For the price of ? 7. 95, the Taylor of Old Bond Street Sandalwood Shaving Cream is a great bargain, especially compared to the Sandalwood Shaving Cream offered by Geo. F. Trumper for ? 14. World Class Market Prepared Shaving Oil 1. Anthony Logistics Pre-Shave Oil (60mL) 2 Units in Stock Manufactured by: Anthony Logistics Price: $38. 99 Details: Anthony Logistics Pre-Shave Oil is for those who want that extra bit of protection when shaving. A combination of olive oil, castor oil, essential oils of eucalyptus, peppermint and rosemary, all mixed together with vitamin E and healing calendula. Pre-shave oils are great for preventing ingrown hairs and razor burn, and the slickness of Anthony Logistics Pre-Shave Oil lets your razor glide right over your face. Apply this product to your face before applying your usual shaving cream, soap or gel. 2. eShave Pre Shave Oil: Orange Sandalwood (60g) 1 Units in Stock Manufactured by: eShave Price: $37. 99 Details: eShave Pre Shaving Oil is your first step to efficiently prepare your face for shaving. This Pre Shave Oil will: Protect your skin Coat and soften your hair Relieve shaving irritation Eliminate dryness Shaving Oil Benefits: Reduces irritation caused by razor burn. Prevents your razor from clogging and allows the razor to glide across your face. 3. Musgo Real Pre-Shave Oil (100mL) 3 Units in Stock Manufactured by: Musgo Real Price: $39. 99 Details: This preshave oil protects, soothes, and refreshes, eliminating unsightly rashes and irritations (razor burn). Use alone or under Musgo shave cream for the perfect shave. Ideal for sensitive skin. Spread a thin layer evenly on just washed skin before shaving. Fragrance free. World Class After Shave Lotion 1. Gillette Fusion Proseries Intense Cooling Lotion, 100-ml (Pack of 2) Price:$14. 06 Product Features †¢Gillette Fusion ProSeries Intense Cooling Lotion Incredible Shaving Comfort, Day After Day †¢Instantly Cools Just Shaved Skin †¢Gillette Fusion ProSeries- The Science of a Comfortable Shave 2. Nivea for Men Sensitive Post Shave Balm, Active Comfort System, 3. 3-Ounce Bottles (Pack of 4) Price:$20. 27 Product Features †¢Case of four 3. 3-ounce bottles of after shave balm for men (total of 13. 2 ounces) †¢Contains calming chamomile extract and vitamins to help soothe skin after shaving †¢Relieves razor burn and noticeably improves the condition of your skin †¢Alcohol free; specially formulated for sensitive skin †¢Made in Germany Best Shaving Cream for Black Men Black skin presents unique challenges when it comes to shaving. The nature of the hair makes it very easy for some problems to appear, among them the appearance of the dreaded razor bumps and ingrown hair. If you have coarse, thick and curly hair, you need a good shaving cream that helps you avoid these problems but at the same time helps you achieve a close, comfortable shape. Barc Cutting Up Shaving Cream Barc has formulated a great shaving cream that addresses the common problems black men have to deal with when shaving. The ingredients in their formula help softening even the thickest hair, helping you get a super close shave. The presence of Boswella Serrate Gum is also of great help, providing anti-inflammatory properties to the shaving cream. Best Shaving Cream for Sensitive Skin If you have sensitive skin, then you must give it proper care when shaving because it gets easily irritated by the repeated passing of the razor. To do this, you must choose a good shaving cream for sensitive skin that will minimize damage and provide extra protection to your face and neck. Neutrogenas Sensitive Shave Cream Neutrogena has developed a great quality product line for men and this includes this shaving cream for men with sensitive skin. It has been formulated with their own 2pro-soothe2 formula which minimizes irritation and damage during shaving. It also helps you prevent ingrown hair and razor bump. This shave cream provides a rich lather that is easily spread across your face. Let it act for a minute while massaging your skin and you will enjoy a super-close shave without skin problems. This cream is also non-comedogenic so it will not clog your pores when using it. Best Shaving Cream for Ingrown Hair and Razor Bumps Barc is the best shaving cream if you suffer from ingrown hair or razor bumps. This cream will help you soften hair and protect your skin, so you can have nice shave without nicks and cuts. At the same time it helps keeping the hair from growing into the skin. Barc Cutting Up Shave Cream 6 oz. Best Shaving Gel Do you prefer using a gel over using a traditional shaving cream? There are some great products out there that can provide you a super close shave. The best ones when it comes to getting a great shave without damage: Nivea for Men Q10 Double Action Shaving Gel This is a great shaving gel and doesnt cost you too much so it is perfect if you dont want to spend too much money but still want to get a high quality product. The Nivea shave gel gives new life to your skin by including Coenzyme Q10 in its formula. Why use shaving cream? Shaving cream facilitates the shaving process by lubricating skin and making a close shave even more precise. Keeping legs soft and smooth can become quite a chore when warmer months arrive. With trips to the beach and lazy days lounging by the pool come to mind, women want to have silky, hair free legs to show off. Using shaving cream to keep legs protected from nicks and cuts makes the shaving routine much more manageable. Shaving with cream or gel products also helps to minimize razor burn and those annoying red bumps that show up after a close shave. Men often take advantage of shaving creams uses in order to protect their faces when shaving. As ones face is often the first thing noticed when meeting new people, a visage free from scratches and scrapes is much preferred over a dry shave. Various regions of the body require specialized care when it comes to shaving, but the use of shaving cream will make the entire process much smoother. Skin is easily irritated when contacted by sharp objects such as razors, so a soothing gel or cream keeps skin moist and free from harsh friction of the blade across the skins susceptible surface. In addition to keeping skin lubricated for easier shaving, shaving cream if left to soak in for a moment or two softens the hair prior to contact with the razorblade. In most cases, using shaving cream in this manner will extend the life of the razor by reducing the degree of wear and tear from coarse hairs. Furthermore, shaving cream will force most if not all of the hairs to lift and straighten, allowing a cleaner, closer shave. By using shaving cream regularly, fewer hairs will remain flat against the skin, resulting in mooth and hair free skin. Especially in the winter when skin is susceptible to extra dryness, shaving cream allows the razor to glide across the skin with less a chance of nicks and cuts. Using only soap and water to lubricate skin leaves the surface layers very vulnerable to the sharp razor. If shaving cream is unavailable, several other products will facilitate a shave better than regular soap and water. Shaving cream, shaving gel, lotion, body oil or hair cond itioner may be used to assist one in shaving her legs. Regardless of the type of product selected, some sort of lubricant will help prevent razor burn, cuts and nicks and unnecessary dryness. Razor burn, or those annoying little red bumps that arrive shortly after shaving, can become painful when exposed to chlorinated pool water or beach conditions. Aiding in lubrication, softening and precision, shaving cream is a great product to use when one desires a close, clean shave. Leaving legs or skin soft, smooth and hair free, shaving cream allows the razorblade to glide effortlessly across the skin without cutting or damaging the skin in the process. Following a close shave, rinse remaining shaving cream from body and apply a lotion or cream that is free from both fragrance and color to restore moisture and replenish any skin that has been irritated by contact with the razor. 4 Neat Uses Shaving Cream Use to clean hands The next time your hands get dirty on a camping trip, save that hard-lugged water for cooking and drinking. Squirt a little shaving cream in your hands and rub as you would liquid soap. Then wipe your hands off with a towel. Prevent bathroom mirror fog-up Before you shower, wipe some shaving cream onto your bathroom mirror. It will keep it from fogging up so you don’t have to wait to get to work with your toiletries or shaving after you get out of the shower. Remove stains from carpeting Your little one’s very sorry for spilling a little juice on the carpet, so make it â€Å"all better† with some shaving cream on the spot. Blot the stain, pat it with a wet sponge, squirt some shaving cream on it, and then wipe clean with a damp sponge. Use the same technique on your clothes for small stains; shaving cream can remove that spot of breakfast you discovered you’re wearing during your once-over in the bathroom. Silence a squeaky door hinge A squeaky door hinge can ruin a peaceful naptime. With its ability to seep into nooks and crannies, a little shaving cream on the hinge will let you check on the baby undetected. Difference between Shaving Gel Shaving Cream SHAVE GELS: The stand-out difference between a gel and a cream is that most gels are sold in aerosol canisters. When dispensed, it is in gel form but when agitated by hand turns into a foam-like cream. The common challenge can be dealing with a clogged razor from time to time, which can potentially compromise the end result of the shave. SHAVE CREAMS: The key difference in shave creams is that they are generally found in tubes and tubs. The large percentage of shave creams are the lather-based kind however, there has been an increase of lotion-based creams that are growing in popularity. The larger percentage (lather-based creams), require the use of water to create a lather. This can be achieved by using the hand or a badger brush. With current shaving creams on the market, and the right mixture of lather and water, either method can yield an effective lather for shaving.